Dietary patterns and metabolic morbidities correlate among adolescents and young adults with HIV in Lagos, Nigeria: A cross-sectional study design

Abstract

Background: The relationship between dietary patterns (DP) and health outcomes (elevated blood pressure, dyslipidaemia, hyperglycaemia, and body mass index) among adolescents and young adults (AYA) with HIV is not well understood. We aimed to identify dietary patterns and determinants associated with metabolic syndrome components among adolescents and young adults living with HIV in Lagos, Nigeria.

Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study among 180 participants at an ART clinic in Lagos. Information on sociodemographic and clinical characteristics, as well as 72-hour dietary recall were collected. Anthropometric measurements (BMI (kg/m²)) and blood pressure readings were collected. Blood samples were assayed for fasting blood sugar and lipid profiles. Statistical analysis was done using SPSS version 27, WHO Anthro Plus software.

Results: The male-to-female ratio was 1:1. Four major DPs identified were DP 1 (higher consumption of beverages, vitamins, and vegetables); DP 2 (high intake of minerals, and fruits); DP3 (higher intake of carbohydrates, fat and oil); and DP4 (higher intake alcohol and vegetables). DP1 was associated with dyslipidaemia, underweight BMI and hyperglycaemia were associated with DP4, while DP2 had lower odds of overweight and elevated blood pressure.

Conclusion: This outcome provides valuable insights into DPs and their association with metabolic co-morbidity among AYA with HIV. This will inform nutritional counselling and interventions to promote quality of life and health.

Keywords: HIV; Lagos; Nigeria; adolescents; dietary pattern; metabolic disorders; young adults.

Figure 1.

Dietary patterns among study participants following meal 72 hour recall. A: Dietary Pattern 1; B: Dietary Pattern 2; C: Dietary Pattern 3; D: Dietary Pattern 4