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Review
. 2025 Jul;55(4):731-743.
doi: 10.1016/j.cvsm.2025.03.004. Epub 2025 May 12.

Granulomatous Hepatitis

Kayla Prentice  1 , Cynthia R L Webster  2
Affiliations
Review

Granulomatous Hepatitis

Kayla Prentice et al. Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract. 2025 Jul.

Abstract

Granulomatous hepatitis (GH) is a subset of chronic hepatitis in which the predominant inflammatory infiltrate consists of macrophages. It can be associated with systemic granulomatous disease or confined to the liver. When associated with systemic disease, infectious causes (bacterial, fungal, protozoal, or metazoan) are more common, while disease confined to the liver is often idiopathic. Dogs with idiopathic GH most often present acutely ill, with fever, high white blood cell counts, and with ultrasound finding of a large liver often with nodules and characteristic hyperechoic parenchymal bands.

Keywords: Granulomatous; Hepatitis; Hyperbilirubinemia; Increased liver enzymes; Liver.

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Conflict of interest statement

Disclosure K. Prentice—Nothing to disclose. C.R. L. Webster—Consultant for AlCOR Scientific and PRONOVA Pets, grant support from American Kennel Club Canine Health Foundation, United States, National Institutes of Health, United States, speaking honoraria from American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine, European College of Veterinary Internal Medicine, American Veterinary Medical Association, VetPD, VetVine.

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