A Nationwide Survey to Investigate Burnout and Quality of Life Among Thoracic Surgery Residents in Italy

Abstract

Background: Surgical residents are a high-risk population for burnout, yet no studies have assessed its prevalence among thoracic surgery residents in Europe or Italy. Methods: A nationwide cross-sectional survey was conducted among Italian thoracic surgery residents to assess burnout and quality of life. The Maslach Burnout Inventory measured burnout risk, while tailored questions evaluated quality of life. Univariate and multivariable analyses identified burnout risk factors, and χ² tests explored relevant associations between variables. Results: Of 193 eligible residents, 98 (50.8%) completed the survey. High burnout risk was identified in 60.2% of respondents. Independent risk factor associations between burnout risk and low perceived inclusion and aggregation, low colleague quality, low residency program rating, low personal life satisfaction, perceived lack of valorization, and exposure to sexual harassment were not significant in multivariable models. No differences in burnout risk were found across gender, geographic location, or training year. Conclusions: Burnout among Italian thoracic surgery residents underscores systemic challenges such as excessive administrative demands, insufficient mentorship, limitations to self-care, and gaps in theoretical training. Addressing these issues requires comprehensive reforms, including curriculum enhancement, strengthened mentorship, improved administrative support, and accessible mental health resources. A multi-level intervention strategy is essential to enhance resident well-being and training quality.

Keywords: Italy; burnout; quality of life; residents; thoracic surgery; training.

Figure 1

Flowchart of residents selection and participation. The survey was conducted between January and March 2024.

Figure 2

Graphical representation of residents’ participation to the survey per residency program in Italy (n° of responding residents/n° of residents). White regions do not have Universities offering a thoracic surgery residency program.

Figure 3

Univariate analysis of variables associated to burnout risk, with standard errors (first part). Burnout risk is represented on the horizontal axis. The exact corresponding values are reported at the right extremity of the horizontal blue columns, as well as the error bars representing standard errors. * These variables are quantitative, and the 25th, 50th, and 75th percentiles were used as categories for the analysis.

Figure 4

Univariate analysis of variables associated to burnout risk, with standard errors (second part). Burnout risk is represented on the horizontal axis. The exact corresponding values are reported at the right extremity of the horizontal blue columns, as well as the error bars representing standard errors.