Unveiling Therapeutic Potential of Yoga Mitigating Oxidative Stress and Mitochondrial Dysfunction in PCOS: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Abstract

Background: Hormonal imbalance, mitochondrial dysfunctions, and oxidative stress (OS) have been implicated in the pathogenesis of polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) and its associated clinical features. A sedentary lifestyle, exposure to air pollutants, prenatal exposure to endocrine-disrupting chemicals, processed and nutritionally depleted food, rich in trans fats, salts, and sugars, and high BMI specifically in visceral adiposity induce OS. OS damages the mitochondrial DNA, lipids, and proteins that impair mitochondrial function. Sequentially, dysfunctional mitochondria produce more reactive oxygen species that aggravate the OS. Mitochondria is pivotal for ovarian cell functioning for instance steroidogenesis, ovarian follicle development, and energy metabolism. Dysfunctional mitochondria can alter the ovarian follicle functioning leading to ovulatory dysfunction and infertility in PCOS.

Aims and objectives: This study is designed to investigate the effect of 12-week yoga practice on endocrine parameters, OS, and mitochondrial health, comparing outcomes in yoga and non-yoga groups.

Material and methods: A total of 75 participants, 32 PCOS females who completed yoga intervention in the yoga group and 29 in the nonyoga group. Hormonal levels were assessed through an immunoassay, while mitochondrial health markers, such as mtDNA copy number (mtDNA CN), reactive oxygen species, and lipid peroxidation were measured through quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR), chemiluminescence, and ELISA respectively. Gene expression related to mitochondrial integrity, respiratory chain, and inflammation was analyzed via reverse transcription qPCR. Additionally, depression severity was also assessed using beck depression inventory II.

Result: The Yoga group showed a significant increase in mtDNA-CN and upregulation of transcripts responsible for maintaining mitochondrial integrity and the mitochondrial respiratory chain. In addition, the post-yoga group shows a reduction in, lipid peroxidation, inflammatory, OS markers, and an improvement in telomere length.

Conclusion: Yoga positively affects hormonal balance, mitochondrial health, OS, and inflammation in women with PCOS. It also alleviates depression symptoms, highlighting yoga as an effective adjunct therapy for managing PCOS. Regular yoga practice could prevent, delay, and help in managing PCOS symptoms.

Keywords: Inflammation; PCOS; micronanoplastics; mitochondrial dysfunction; oxidative stress; plastics; yoga.

Figure 1

A CONSORT flow diagram

Figure 2

Analysis of mtDNA copy number and telomere length in the yoga and non-yoga group, data represented as mean ± standard deviation

Figure 3

Relative mRNA expression mitochondrial integrity, mitochondrial respiratory chain, and inflammatory transcripts in the yoga and non-yoga group, AFC: Access fold change