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. 2025 Sep;12(5):568-577.
doi: 10.1097/UPJ.0000000000000830. Epub 2025 May 15.

Development of a Patient Decision Aid for cT1 Renal Masses: A User-Centered Mixed-Methods Study

Cato C Bresser  1   2   3 , Harm H E van Melick  2 , Regina The  4 , Paul B van der Nat  1 , Mirjam M Garvelink  1
Affiliations

Development of a Patient Decision Aid for cT1 Renal Masses: A User-Centered Mixed-Methods Study

Cato C Bresser et al. Urol Pract. 2025 Sep.

Abstract

Introduction: It is important to actively involve patients with cT1 renal masses in treatment decision-making. Patient decision aids (PtDAs) support patients and health care professionals (HCPs) in shared decision-making. The aim of this study was to develop a Dutch PtDA for cT1 renal masses and to test its acceptability and usability.

Methods: This was a user-centered mixed-methods design. Cocreation process with HCPs from several hospitals and a patient representative, with input from (a) a needs assessment study (semistructured interviews and questionnaires) and (b) acceptability and usability testing (think-aloud sessions and semistructured interviews), guided by the International Patient Decision Aids Standards (IPDAS) criteria. Compatibility with the IPDAS criteria was evaluated (c).

Results: In total, 12 patients with cT1 renal masses and 56 HCPs participated. The PtDA consists of 3 components: (1) a decision aid handout demonstrating an overview of treatment options; (2) an online decision aid with information on renal cell carcinoma, treatment options, and values-clarification exercises; and (3) a personal decision aid summary. Both patients and HCPs highly appreciated the PtDA and were able to navigate through it. The PtDA fulfills all 12 IPDAS criteria.

Conclusions: We systematically developed a PtDA for cT1 renal masses. The PtDA was found acceptable and usable by patients and HCPs. The PtDA is currently being implemented in routine care.

Keywords: decision aid; renal cell carcinoma; shared decision-making.

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Figures

Figure.
Figure.
The 3-component cT1 renal masses patient decision aid and patient instructions for its use. Used with permission from ZorgKeuzeLab.
Figure 1.
Figure 1.
Development process of the cT1 renal masses patient decision aid (PtDA). HCP indicates health care professional; IPDAS, International Patient Decision Aids Standards; a, needs assessment study; b, acceptability and usability testing; c, compatibility evaluation with IPDAS criteria.
Figure 2.
Figure 2.
The 3-component cT1 renal masses patient decision aid and patient instructions for its use. Used with permission from ZorgKeuzeLab.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

Comment in

  • Editorial Comment.
    Gupta V, Chang SS. Gupta V, et al. Urol Pract. 2025 Sep;12(5):576. doi: 10.1097/UPJ.0000000000000838. Epub 2025 Aug 22. Urol Pract. 2025. PMID: 40844175 No abstract available.

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