Reflections of Autistic Adults on Employment Preparation Programs: A Qualitative Analysis

Abstract

Purpose: Autistic adults face significant barriers to employment. While caregiver and provider perspectives have informed transition programming to address these barriers, limited research has gathered insights directly from autistic adults. This study aimed to explore the experiences of autistic adults who completed an employment preparation program to identify the unmet needs and evaluate the impact on employment outcomes.

Methods: Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 16 autistic adults and consisted of 26 core questions, allowing for an exploratory line of questioning. This method was chosen to address the gap in the literature regarding autistic adults' direct experiences and needs. The interviews were analyzed using inductive thematic analysis, prioritizing participants' words and experiences revealing novel insights into transition services. Demographic information and closed-ended questions were analyzed using descriptive statistics.

Results: Participants expressed overall satisfaction with the programs, and most were currently employed, attributing their job obtainment to the transition program. Thematic analysis revealed four primary themes: (1) Job Skills; (2) Job Experience and Coaching; (3) Peer Relationships; and (4) Goal Setting. Participants reported benefits such as improved job obtainment skills, on-the-job experience, peer socialization, and practice setting goals. However, challenges were identified, including difficulties in maintaining relationships with peers and concerns about excessive involvement by job coaches.

Conclusion: The findings highlight the benefits and limitations of employment preparation programs for autistic adults. The insights gained can inform the development of future programs and the training of personnel aiming to enhance the effectiveness of services for autistic adults seeking employment.

Keywords: Autistic adults; Autistic adults' direct experiences; Autistic adults’ employment outcomes; Employment barriers; Employment preparation; Transition programs.