Impact of Sudden Cardiac Arrest and Implantable Cardiac Defibrillator Shocks on Mental Health: Review and Management Guidance

Abstract

Survivors of sudden cardiac arrest (SCA) and those who experience shocks from an implantable cardiac defibrillator (ICD-S) are at risk of developing unrecognized and untreated mental health (MH) symptoms. MH sequelae can include anxiety, depression, or post-traumatic stress symptoms which hinder one's ability to return to usual life and activity, impeding follow-up, health care seeking, and adherence to care plans. Addressing MH as part of a whole person care in such scenarios could lead to improved wellness and recovery. This review examines the MH sequelae of SCA and ICD-S, explores potential therapies for managing these issues, proposes strategies to improve MH post-SCA or defibrillator shock, and identifies areas for future research.

Keywords: ICD shock; SCA; mental health.

Graphical abstract

Central Illustration

Recovery-Oriented Mental Health Care for Survivors of Sudden Cardiac Arrest and Post-ICD-S Figure illustrating steps toward recovery-oriented mental health care for SCA and ICD shock survivors, enhancing physical health and value-based care by addressing mental health gaps. Abbreviations as in Figure 2.

Figure 1

Anxiety Components Post-ICD-S Diagram depicting the main behavioral symptoms in the setting of anxiety post-ICD-S.

Figure 2

Inpatient and Outpatient Mental Health Care in Survivors of Sudden Cardiac Arrest and Post-ICD-S: A Practical Guidance Figure illustrating inpatient and outpatient mental health care for SCA and ICD shock survivors, featuring cardiopsychology-led assessment prior to discharge and on follow-up peer and spiritual support, behavioral therapy, and rehabilitation. ICD = implantable cardiac defibrillator; SCA = sudden cardiac arrest.