The relationship between working conditions, vehicle factors, and work-related musculoskeletal disorders affecting job satisfaction and job stress among motorcycle food delivery riders

Abstract

The use of motorcycle food delivery riders (MFDRs) has surged since the COVID-19 pandemic. This study investigates the prevalence of work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WRMSDs) and associated factors among MFDRs in Chiang Mai, Thailand, through a cross-sectional, self-reported online survey conducted from November 2021 to February 2022. The survey included 454 participants, primarily single, male, non-smokers, working over a year, and performing static, repetitive tasks during day shifts. The most common WRMSDs reported over the past 12 months and as new-onset conditions were neck, lower back, and shoulder pain, with pain scores ranging from 4.6 to 6.6. Over half of the participants noted worsening symptoms compared to their previous occupations. Significant factors associated with WRMSDs included working hours, awkward posture, repetitive movements, and age. Each additional working hour per week increased the risk of pain in the neck, shoulder, upper back, and thigh regions (adjusted odd ratio (aOR) 1.02-1.03). Awkward posture was linked to neck, shoulder, upper back, and lower back pain (aOR 1.64-2.38). Repetitive movements correlated with shoulder, wrist, and elbow pain (aOR 2.11-3.16). Vehicle-related factors such as engine capacity >110 cc and larger delivery bags were associated with wrist pain (aOR 1.94-2.12), while clutch gear use was linked to knee and ankle pain (aOR 2.00 and 1.79). These findings highlight the need for ergonomic motorcycle interventions, rider posture training, lumbar support, and work condition improvements to reduce WRMSDs among MFDRs.

Keywords: Awkward posture; Motorcycle; Musculoskeletal disorders; Riding; Work-related.