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. 2025 May 15;15(1):16879.
doi: 10.1038/s41598-025-98736-z.

Analyzing cardiovascular disease hospitalization risks due to cold and heat waves in Dezful

Hamidreza Aghababaeian  1   2   3 , Rahim Sharafkhani  4 , Nasim Hamidipour  5 , Ladan Araghi Ahvazi  2   6
Affiliations

Analyzing cardiovascular disease hospitalization risks due to cold and heat waves in Dezful

Hamidreza Aghababaeian et al. Sci Rep. .

Erratum in

Abstract

Given the increasing health risks associated with climate change, particular attention is focused on the elderly as a vulnerable group. This study aimed to analyze how these climate extremes impact the health and hospitalization rates of these patients. In this ecological time series study, daily Meteorological and environmental pollutants data for Dezful and hospitalization records for cardiovascular diseases based on International Classification of Diseases, 10th codes were collected from 2013 to 2019. Definitions for heat waves and cold waves were established Based on previous studies in this field. The study utilized a combination of Distributed Lag Nonlinear Models and Quasi Poisson analysis to investigate the association between each definition of cold and heat waves and hospitalization. The results indicate that heat waves are associated with an increased risk of hospital admissions due to cardiovascular disease in individuals over 75 years of age. Additionally, cold waves significantly increase the risk of hospitalization due to cardiovascular disease in individuals aged 65 to 74 years. Specifically, in the section on added effects, the results show that Cold Wave impacts the risk of hospitalization in patients aged 56 to 74 years (added effects: lags of 0, 0-2, 0-6, and 0-13). This study highlights the significant impact of heat and cold waves on the risk of hospitalization for cardiovascular diseases in Dezful. Older adults, especially those over 65, are particularly vulnerable to these climate-related health risks. As climate change progresses, it is essential to implement public health strategies that protect at-risk populations during extreme weather events.

Keywords: Climate change; Cold wave; Disaster; Emergencies; Health; Heat wave.

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Conflict of interest statement

Declarations. Ethics approval and consent to participate: In this study, no experiments involving human participants (including the use of tissue samples) were conducted; instead, only anonymized and confidential archived data was utilized. This study does not require informed consent from patients, as the ethics committee (Ethics Committee of Dezful University of Medical Sciences (DUMS)) waived the requirement for consent due to the use of non-identifiable data and the lack of identification of participants. Additionally, written authorization was obtained from the relevant authorities to use this data. All research procedures were conducted in compliance with ethical principles and regulations regarding data protection. Approval for this study was granted by the Ethics Committee of Dezful University of Medical Sciences (DUMS) with Ethics Code: IR.DUMS.REC.1399.032. The study adhered to all applicable guidelines and regulations. Consent for publication: Not applicable. This study is an ecological time series analysis that does not involve human participants. All data were obtained from hospital archives, meteorological sources, and environmental databases, and were collected in a fully anonymized and confidential manner. Therefore, we did not obtain consent from participants, as no individuals were involved in the study. If you have any further questions or require additional information, please feel free to reach out. Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests.

Figures

Fig. 1
Fig. 1
Geographic Location of Dezful City in Iran and Its Global Context.
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