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. 2025 May 1;17(1):e2025032.
doi: 10.4084/MJHID.2025.032. eCollection 2025.

Molecular Characterization of Epstein - Barr virus Based on EBNA3C Protein among Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplant Recipients in Jordan

Rabaa Y Athamneh #  1 , Hiba A Swaity #  1 , Waleed Al Moman  2 , Hayyan I Al-Taweil  1 , Assia Benbraiek  3 , Anas H Khalifeh  4
Affiliations

Molecular Characterization of Epstein - Barr virus Based on EBNA3C Protein among Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplant Recipients in Jordan

Rabaa Y Athamneh et al. Mediterr J Hematol Infect Dis. .

Abstract

Background: Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), a human herpes virus, presents significant risks to hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT) recipients due to immunosuppressive treatments. Two genotypes of EBV can infect humans: EBV1 and EBV2. These genotypes differ in their latent genes. One important latent protein is EBNA3, which plays a crucial role in immune evasion and pathogenesis of EBV.

Objectives: This study characterizes EBV genotypes among HSCT recipients in Jordan and examines the relationship between EBV positivity and demographic factors.

Methods: A retrospective observational study was conducted at the Jordanian Royal Medical Services Hospital (JRMS) from January to October 2024. Blood samples were collected from the virology department, and plasma was separated. EBV-DNA detection was performed using quantitative real-time PCR, while conventional PCR targeted EBNA3C genes for genotyping.

Results: Out of 93 EBV-positive HSCT recipients, 31 underwent genotyping analysis. The findings revealed a predominance of EBV2, detected in 26 samples (84%), while 5 samples (16%) exhibited mixed infections. Notably, EBV1 was not identified in any samples. A significant association was found between EBV positivity and male recipients, with a markedly higher prevalence in individuals under 18 years of age (P<0.0001).

Conclusion: EBV2 was the predominant genotype among HSCT recipients in Jordan, with coinfections of EBV1 and EBV2. Understanding the prevalent genotypes in transplant patients is crucial for managing EBV-related complications, ultimately improving patient outcomes. This study highlights the need for continuous monitoring and characterization of EBV genotypes in immunocompromised populations.

Keywords: EBNA3C; Epstein-Barr virus; Genotype; Immunocompromised; Jordan; Transplantation.

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Conflict of interest statement

Competing interests: The authors declare no conflict of Interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Illustrate the electrophoresis pattern of EBV genotypes using the SiZer™-100 DNA Marker Solution and the ZR 50 bp DNA Marker. All samples in the figure are EBV2, except for sample number 15, which is a mixed infection.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Illustrate the electrophoresis pattern of EBV genotypes using the SiZer™-100 DNA Marker Solution and the ZR 50 bp DNA Marker. Samples 11 and 12 were EBV2, while samples 16 and 19 displayed mixed infections.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Illustrate the electrophoresis pattern of EBV genotypes using the SiZer™-100 DNA Marker Solution and the ZR 50 bp DNA Marker. All samples shown in the figure represent EBV2 genotypes.
Figure 4
Figure 4
Illustrate the electrophoresis pattern of EBV genotypes using the SiZer™-100 DNA Marker Solution and the ZR 50 bp DNA Marker. All samples shown in the figure represent EBV2 genotypes except sample numbers 26 and 32, which displayed mixed infections.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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