Generation of cellular reactive oxygen and nitrogen species by exposure to ultraviolet radiation
- PMID: 40376412
- PMCID: PMC12075055
- DOI: 10.1007/s12551-025-01298-7
Generation of cellular reactive oxygen and nitrogen species by exposure to ultraviolet radiation
Abstract
Reactive oxygen and nitrogen species, such as superoxide and peroxynitrite anions, are produced in our body as a result of normal metabolic functions or under pathologic conditions (oxidative and nitro-oxidative stress). A well-documented battery of antioxidant enzymes and cofactors are in place to fight this stress and restore the redox balance of the cell. However, comprehensive information on the generation of these reactive species by exposing cell components to ultraviolet (UV) light, specifically UVA and UVB sunlight, is scarce or missing. In this short review, we attempt to cover several enzymes and cofactors that are targets of UV radiation as it relates to the production (or consumption) of these oxidants, and, when known, discuss the underlying mechanisms. Because of their key importance, UV light effects on DNA are briefly discussed.
Keywords: Nitric oxide; Nitro-oxidative stress; Peroxynitrite; Superoxide; UV sunlight.
© International Union for Pure and Applied Biophysics (IUPAB) and Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2025. Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.
Conflict of interest statement
Competing interestsThe authors declare no competing interests.
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