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Case Reports
. 2025 May 1:15:1329756.
doi: 10.3389/fonc.2025.1329756. eCollection 2025.

Treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma with gluteus medius metastasis: a case report and a literature review

Yanxin Li  1 , Ji Luo  2 , Jianyong Zhang  1 , Mingqiang Sun  1 , Jinping Yang  1
Affiliations
Case Reports

Treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma with gluteus medius metastasis: a case report and a literature review

Yanxin Li et al. Front Oncol. .

Abstract

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) accounts for 85%-90% of all primary liver cancers (PLCs). Owing to the occult nature of HCC, most patients present at an advanced stage at the time of initial diagnosis and have a poor prognosis. With regard to systemic therapy, targeted therapy and immunotherapy are currently the centers of clinical research. With regard to local treatment, surgical resection, radiofrequency ablation, hepatic artery chemoembolization, and radiotherapy are commonly used. Interstitial brachytherapy is commonly used for the treatment of cervical and genitourinary cancers. In this case, interstitial brachytherapy was used to treat gluteus medius muscle metastasis from PLC, with good local control and symptom relief.

Keywords: bulky tumor; hepatocellular carcinoma; interstitial brachytherapy; muscle metastasis; radiotherapy.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Pelvic MRI (11 July 2022) revealed a malignant mass approximately 9.2 cm × 4.1 cm in the left gluteus medius region.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Upper abdominal MRI (20 July 2022) showed the liver occupancy in S7 and S8 segments (approximately 3.6 cm × 2.2 cm, 3.1 cm × 2.3 cm) probably refer to HCC.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Pathological results of the left gluteal mass: metastatic and moderately differentiated hepatocellular carcinoma. The immunohistochemistry results of tumor were: CK7 (−), CK20 (−), CEA (−), CD10 (bile duct +), CD34 (sinusoidal endothelial +), hepatocyte (+), Glypican-3 (+), Syn (−), CGA (−), CK8/18 (−), P53 (wild type), kI67 (10% +).
Figure 4
Figure 4
Three-dimensional dose distribution and DVH of the left buttock.
Figure 5
Figure 5
Screenshot of the left buttock brachytherapy plan.
Figure 6
Figure 6
Four months after treatment, hepatic MRI (16 January 2023) showed no significant change compared with the previous (20 July 2022).
Figure 7
Figure 7
Pelvic MRI (16 January 2023) showed that the volume of lesions was smaller than that before (11 July 2022) in the left buttock after treatment, which is approximately 6.5 cm × 2.3 cm.
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