Retraction Note: COVID-19 diagnostic methods in developing countries

Md Maniruzzaman¹, Md Missile Islam², Md Hazrat Ali³, Nobendu Mukerjee^{4

5}, Swastika Maitra⁶, Mohammad Amjad Kamal^{7

8

9

10}, Arabinda Ghosh¹¹, Melvin A Castrosanto¹², Athanasios Alexiou^{13

14}, Ghulam Md Ashraf^{15

16}, Priti Tagde¹⁷, Md Habibur Rahman¹⁸

Affiliations

¹ Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Science & Engineering, Varendra University, Rajshahi, 6204, Bangladesh.
² Varendra University, Rajshahi, 6204, Bangladesh.
³ Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Science & Engineering, International Islamic University Chittagong, Sitakundu, Chittagong, 4318, Bangladesh.
⁴ Department of Microbiology, Ramakrishna Mission Vivekananda Centenary College, West Bengal, Kolkata, 700118, India.
⁵ Department of Health Sciences, Novel Global Community Educational Foundation, Hebersham, NSW, Australia.
⁶ Department of Microbiology, Adamas University, Kolkata, India.
⁷ West China School of Nursing/Institutes for Systems Genetics, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China.
⁸ King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, P. O. Box 80216, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia.
⁹ Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Daffodil International University, Dhaka, Bangladesh.
¹⁰ Enzymoics, Novel Global Community Educational Foundation, Hebersham, NSW, Australia.
¹¹ Microbiology Division, Department of Botany, Gauhati University, Guwahati, 781014, Assam, India.
¹² Institute of Chemistry, University of the Philippines, 4030, Los Banos, Philippines.
¹³ Department of Science and Engineering, Novel Global Community Educational Foundation, Hebersham, NSW, Australia.
¹⁴ AFNP Med, Vienna, Austria.
¹⁵ Pre-Clinical Research Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia.
¹⁶ Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia.
¹⁷ Amity Institute of Pharmacy, Amity University, Noida, 201301, India.
¹⁸ Department of Global Medical Science, Wonju College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Gangwon-do, Wonju, 26426, Korea. pharmacisthabib@gmail.com.

PMID: 40381079
PMCID: PMC12439778
DOI: 10.1007/s11356-025-36527-9

Retraction Note: COVID-19 diagnostic methods in developing countries

Md Maniruzzaman et al. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2025 May.

. 2025 May;32(22):13523-13524.

doi: 10.1007/s11356-025-36527-9.

Authors

Affiliations

¹ Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Science & Engineering, Varendra University, Rajshahi, 6204, Bangladesh.
² Varendra University, Rajshahi, 6204, Bangladesh.
³ Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Science & Engineering, International Islamic University Chittagong, Sitakundu, Chittagong, 4318, Bangladesh.
⁴ Department of Microbiology, Ramakrishna Mission Vivekananda Centenary College, West Bengal, Kolkata, 700118, India.
⁵ Department of Health Sciences, Novel Global Community Educational Foundation, Hebersham, NSW, Australia.
⁶ Department of Microbiology, Adamas University, Kolkata, India.
⁷ West China School of Nursing/Institutes for Systems Genetics, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China.
⁸ King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, P. O. Box 80216, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia.
⁹ Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Daffodil International University, Dhaka, Bangladesh.
¹⁰ Enzymoics, Novel Global Community Educational Foundation, Hebersham, NSW, Australia.
¹¹ Microbiology Division, Department of Botany, Gauhati University, Guwahati, 781014, Assam, India.
¹² Institute of Chemistry, University of the Philippines, 4030, Los Banos, Philippines.
¹³ Department of Science and Engineering, Novel Global Community Educational Foundation, Hebersham, NSW, Australia.
¹⁴ AFNP Med, Vienna, Austria.
¹⁵ Pre-Clinical Research Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia.
¹⁶ Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia.
¹⁷ Amity Institute of Pharmacy, Amity University, Noida, 201301, India.
¹⁸ Department of Global Medical Science, Wonju College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Gangwon-do, Wonju, 26426, Korea. pharmacisthabib@gmail.com.

PMID: 40381079
PMCID: PMC12439778
DOI: 10.1007/s11356-025-36527-9

No abstract available

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Retraction of

COVID-19 diagnostic methods in developing countries.
Maniruzzaman M, Islam MM, Ali MH, Mukerjee N, Maitra S, Kamal MA, Ghosh A, Castrosanto MA, Alexiou A, Ashraf GM, Tagde P, Rahman MH. Maniruzzaman M, et al. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2022 Jul;29(34):51384-51397. doi: 10.1007/s11356-022-21041-z. Epub 2022 May 27. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2022. Retraction in: Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2025 May;32(22):13523-13524. doi: 10.1007/s11356-025-36527-9. PMID: 35619009 Free PMC article. Retracted. Review.

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Retraction Note: COVID-19 diagnostic methods in developing countries

Affiliations

Retraction Note: COVID-19 diagnostic methods in developing countries

Authors

Affiliations

Retraction of

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