Acomprehensive review on microalgae protein as an emerging protein resource

Abstract

The growing global population is driving an increased demand for protein, while traditional protein sources are increasingly by limited arable land and rising carbon emissions. To meet the sustainable development goals, it is essential to explore sustainable protein alternatives. This article reviews the progress in research on microalgal protein, focusing on its extraction, nutritional profile, bioactivity, functionality, applications, and future challenges. Microalgal protein offers a balanced amino acid composition compared to traditional protein sources. While current mild extraction methods are the main approaches to improving extraction efficiency, advancing promising technologies is also critical. Microalgal protein holds significant potential for development in the food and medicinal sectors; however, the potential toxicity and allergenicity associated with the growth environments of microalgae present safety challenges for consumption. Research on microalgal protein is still in its early stages, and further advancements in extraction techniques could enhance its usability in food applications.

Keywords: Bioactivity; Functionality; Microalgae; Nutritional properties; Protein.