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. 2025 Apr 29;10(18):19107-19114.
doi: 10.1021/acsomega.5c01763. eCollection 2025 May 13.

Investigation of Optical Properties and Biological Activities of Antimony(III) Halide Templated by 2,2'-Bipyridinium for Optoelectronic Devices

Eya Toumi  1 , Sameh Sellami  2 , Nour Elleuch  1 , Sameh Dammak  3 , Sergiu Shova  4 , Mohamed Boujelbene  1
Affiliations

Investigation of Optical Properties and Biological Activities of Antimony(III) Halide Templated by 2,2'-Bipyridinium for Optoelectronic Devices

Eya Toumi et al. ACS Omega. .

Abstract

This study provides a comprehensive analysis of the optical properties of hybrid compound [C10H10N2]2(SbCl4)2·2Cl, using diffuse reflectance spectroscopy. The measurements were conducted over a 200-1100 nm spectral range. The optical band gap, calculated using absorption, reflectance, and Tauc method, was an indirect band gap of approximately 2.28 eV. In addition, a high Urbach energy of 578 meV indicates a notable density of localized states in the material. Optical constants, such as skin depth, were studied as a function of wavelength, providing valuable information on the performance of the compound in the UV, visible, and near-infrared regions. The extinction coefficient highlighted the efficiency of the material in absorbing incident light. A detailed analysis of the refractive index and optical conductivity provided further insights into its optical behavior. These results highlight the potential of [C10H10N2]2(SbCl4)2·2Cl for optoelectronic applications, especially in ultraviolet- and visible-light-sensitive devices such as photodetectors and sensors. In addition, biological activity assessments demonstrated that the compound possesses moderate antibacterial properties, suggesting promising applications in biomedical fields, including antimicrobial coatings and pharmaceutical formulations.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no competing financial interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Asymmetric unit of the [C10H10N2]2(SbCl4)2·2Cl compound.
Figure 2
Figure 2
UV–vis of the (a) absorbance coefficient α of the [C10H10N2]2(SbCl4)2·2Cl compound vs λ and (b) dα/dλ with λ.
Figure 3
Figure 3
(a) UV–vis–NIR reflectance spectrum R(λ) of the [C10H10N2]2(SbCl4)2·2Cl compound and (b) evolution of dR/dλ with λ.
Figure 4
Figure 4
(a) Direct (F(R)hν)2 and indirect ((F(R)hν)1/2 gap curves as a function of hν and (b) evolution of Ln(αhν) against Ln(hν – Eg) for the [C10H10N2]2(SbCl4)2·2Cl compound.
Figure 5
Figure 5
Optical band gap spectrum of [C10H10N2]2(SbCl4)2·2Cl determined via the Tauc model.
Figure 6
Figure 6
Projected density of states (PDOS) of [C10H10N2]2(SbCl4)2·2Cl.
Figure 7
Figure 7
Evolution of the skin depth δ against λ of the title compound.
Figure 8
Figure 8
Variation of the optical extinction (K) versus hν for the [C10H10N2]2(SbCl4)2·2Cl compound.
Figure 9
Figure 9
Inhibition zone (mm) of ET1 and chain against bacteria: (A)B. cereus; (B)E. faecalis; (C) P. aeruginosa; (D)S. aureus; (E) S. typhimurium (1): [C10H10N2]2(SbCl4)2·2Cl (50 mg/mL), (2): [C10H10N2]2(SbCl4)2·2Cl (100 mg/mL), (3): chain (50 mg/mL), (4): chain (100 mg/mL), and (5): gentamycin.
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