Attitudes towards individuals with intellectual disabilities: Comparison between Special Olympic partners and non-partners during the Special Olympics World Summer Games 2023

Abstract

Background: Despite progress in implementing the rights outlined in the UN Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities, individuals with intellectual disability encounter challenges in participating in daily life autonomously. Exclusion and stereotypes persist, impacting education, employment, and social participation. Inclusive sports programs, particularly the Special Olympics Unified Sports® program, aim to enhance social inclusion for these persons.

Method: This quantitative cross-sectional study compares attitudes across three groups: Unified Sports® partners, volunteers, and general population. Attitudes were measured using the Attitudes Toward Intellectual Disability Questionnaire.

Results: Results reveal that both Unified Sports® partners and volunteers exhibit more positive attitudes compared to the general population. More frequent contact with individuals with intellectual disability is associated with more positive attitudes.

Conclusion: While limitations exist, this study provides insights into the relationship between inclusive sports programs and attitudes toward individuals with intellectual disability, laying the groundwork for further research and practical applications.

Keywords: Intellectual disability; Special Olympics; Unified Sports®; attitudes; inclusion; volunteers.