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. 2025 Jul;79(4):750-772.
doi: 10.1007/s11418-025-01909-3. Epub 2025 May 20.

A plasma metabolomic analysis revealed the metabolic regulatory mechanism of the water extract of Dendrobium huoshanense in improving streptozotocin-induced type 1 diabetes model rats

Hai-Jun Xu  1   2 , Zhen Zhang  3 , Ya-Fei Zhang  3 , Shu-Nan Cuan  3 , Zhe Jia  3
Affiliations

A plasma metabolomic analysis revealed the metabolic regulatory mechanism of the water extract of Dendrobium huoshanense in improving streptozotocin-induced type 1 diabetes model rats

Hai-Jun Xu et al. J Nat Med. 2025 Jul.

Abstract

D. huoshanense is a traditional Chinese medicine with antidiabetes effects, but the underlying metabolic regulatory mechanism remains unknown. Plasma metabolomic analysis was applied to assess the metabolic regulatory mechanism underlying the alleviation of streptozotocin-induced type 1 diabetes (STZ-T1D) by D. huoshanense. The successfully STZ-T1D model rats were assigned to the model group, the model + water extract of D. huoshanense (DHWE) group, and the model + metformin (MET) group. They were administered the corresponding medication by gavage. After 28 days, the plasma levels of glucose, malondialdehyde (MDA), C-reactive protein (CRP), and total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC) were determined. Morphological changes in the pancreatic islet tissue were analyzed via hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining. The expression of occludin-1, zonula occludens protein 1 (ZO-1) and protein kinase RNA-like endoplasmic reticulum kinase (PERK) in the ileum tissue was determined via western blotting. Nontargeted metabolome analysis of the plasma was performed via ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography. The results revealed that DHWE reduced blood glucose, C-reactive protein, and MDA levels; increased plasma T-AOC; improved intestinal mucous integrity and pancreatic islet morphological structure; and alleviated intestinal endoplasmic reticulum stress. Plasma metabolomics revealed that DHWE significantly increased the levels of ascorbic acid 2-sulfate, L-thyroxine, phosphatidylcholine (PC) (14:0e/5:0), and PC (16:1e/4:0); decreased the levels of D-(-)-fructose and indole-3-lactic acid; and significantly affected ascorbate and aldarate metabolism and glyoxylate and dicarboxylate metabolism in STZ-T1D rats (p < 0.05), and the effects on the citric acid cycle and pyruvate metabolism tended to be significant (p < 0.1). This study confirmed that DHWE alleviated STZ-T1D by reducing oxidative stress and the inflammatory response, enhancing intestinal mucosa integrity and affecting mainly the energy metabolism and vitamin C metabolism of STZ-T1D rats.

Keywords: Dendrobium huoshanense; Metabolic pathways; Metabolomics; Sprague–Dawley rats; Type 1 diabetes.

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Conflict of interest statement

Declarations. Competing interest: The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper. Declaration of generative AI and AI-assisted technologies in the writing process: During the preparation of this work, the authors did not use AI or AI-assisted technologies in the writing process. Statement: The study is reported in accordance with ARRIVE guidelines ( https://arriveguidelines.org ).

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