S-palmitoylation coordinates the trafficking of ATG9A to mediate autophagy initiation

Abstract

17-ODYA: 17-octadecynoic acid; 293T: HEK293T; 2-BP: 2-bromopalmitate; 2CS: Cys155Ser and Cys156Ser; ABE: acyl-biotin exchange; AP: adaptor protein; APEX2: ascorbate peroxidase 2; ATG: autophagy related; baf A₁: bafilomycin A₁; CRISPR: clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats; CTD: C-terminal domain; Cys: cysteine; DAB: 3,3'-diaminobenzidine; EV: empty vector; H₂O₂: hydrogen peroxide; IF: immunofluorescence; IP: immunoprecipitation; KO: knockout; MAP1LC3B/LC3B: microtubule associated protein 1 light chain 3 beta; MTOR: mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase; NTD: N-terminal domain; PAS: phagophore assembly site; PBS: phosphate-buffered saline; PtdIns3K-CI: class III phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase complex I; PM: plasma membrane; PTM: post-translational modifications; Ser: serine; siRNA: small interfering RNA; SQSTM1/p62: sequestosome 1; TEM: transmission electron microscopy; TGN: trans-Golgi network; ULK1: unc-51 like autophagy activating kinase 1; WCL, whole cell lysates; WDR45/WIPI4: WD repeat domain 45; WT: wild-type; ZFYVE1/DFCP1: zinc finger FYVE-type containing 1.

Keywords: AP4E1; Trans-golgi network; ZDHHC5; autophagosome formation; clathrin-mediated endocytosis; membrane trafficking.