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Review
. 2025 May 6:15:1516010.
doi: 10.3389/fcimb.2025.1516010. eCollection 2025.

The relationship between gut microbiome and human diseases: mechanisms, predisposing factors and potential intervention

Mohammad Shabani  1 , Ali Ghoshehy  2 , Amir Mohammad Mottaghi  3 , Zahra Chegini  4 , Azam Kerami  5 , Aref Shariati  6 , Majid Taati Moghadam  7
Affiliations
Review

The relationship between gut microbiome and human diseases: mechanisms, predisposing factors and potential intervention

Mohammad Shabani et al. Front Cell Infect Microbiol. .

Abstract

The complex interrelation of gut microbiota with human health underlines the profound influence this microbial ecosystem has on mechanisms of disease and wellness. The gut microbiome profoundly impacts various human diseases, encompassing gastrointestinal disorders, metabolic disorders, neurological disorders, and immune-related diseases. Gastrointestinal disorders are closely linked to microbial imbalances in the gut. Metabolic disorders, including obesity and type 2 diabetes, are influenced by the gut microbiota's role in energy regulation and glucose metabolism. Furthermore, the gut-brain axis highlights the correlation between gut microbiota and neurological conditions such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's. Moreover, the gut microbiome assumes a pivotal function in regulating the immune system, whereby dysbiosis is implicated in developing immunological-related ailments, including allergies and autoimmune disorders. Predisposing factors, including diet, medicines, lifestyle, and environmental influences, are described as having an important role in the composition of the gut microbiome. By understanding these factors, we can get valuable insights into how to intervene to reduce the chances of a disease. Current interventions, including probiotics, prebiotics, fecal microbiota transplants, and lifestyle modification, show promise, but there are still challenges and unanswered questions in this evolving field that may lead to improvements. This review interrelates the complicated gut microbiome with various human diseases, mechanisms, predisposing factors, and potential interventions.

Keywords: and immune-related diseases; dysbiosis; gastrointestinal disorders; metabolic disorders; microbiome; neurological disorders.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest. The author(s) declared that they were an editorial board member of Frontiers, at the time of submission. This had no impact on the peer review process and the final decision.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Gut microbiome-associated diseases.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Factors influence the gut microbiota.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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