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. 2025 Jul;212(2):347-359.
doi: 10.1007/s10549-025-07729-z. Epub 2025 May 21.

Invasive lobular breast carcinoma variants; clinicopathological features and patient outcomes

Aysegul Aktas  1 , Meryem Gunay Gurleyik  2 , Dogukan Akkus  2 , Zekeriya Ucur  2 , Fugen Aker  3
Affiliations

Invasive lobular breast carcinoma variants; clinicopathological features and patient outcomes

Aysegul Aktas et al. Breast Cancer Res Treat. 2025 Jul.

Abstract

Introduction: An understanding of the differences among the invasive lobular breast carcinoma (ILC) variants is crucial for risk stratification, and tailored treatment planning. This article compares variants of ILC according to their clinical outcomes and histopathological features.

Patients and methods: Patients diagnosed with ILC between January 2010 and August 2021 were retrospectively evaluated. Patients were divided into three groups; 1: classic ILC (cILC); 2: pleomorphic lobular carcinoma (PLC); 3: mixed ILC. Mixed ILC was divided into three subgroups: 3a, cILC + PLC; 3b, cILC + mixed; 3c, PLC + mixed.

Results: A total of 254 patients were included in the study. Median overall survival (OS) was 48 months, and median disease-free survival (DFS) was 46 months. Locoregional recurrence (LRR) occurred in 15 (5.9%) of the patients, and distant metastasis (DM) developed in 23 (9.1%). Death occurred in 16 (6.3%) patients. There was no significant difference in LRR rate among groups. When considering five groups (Groups 1, 2, 3a, 3b, and 3c), the median OS was 62.5, 52.0, 50.8, 56.7, and 41.5 months, respectively, while the median DFS was 60.3, 46.6, 46.7, 54.5, and 39.6 months, respectively. Notably, the PLC + mixed group without a classic variant (Group 3c) exhibited even worse outcomes than pure PLC.

Conclusions: In this study, pure cILC exhibited the best prognostic features among the ILC variants. Furthermore, we observed a higher mastectomy rate in patients with pleomorphic variants. Surgical management of ILC remains controversial. Moreover, comprehensive randomized controlled trials are essential to establish standardized treatment protocols for ILC patients.

Keywords: Breast cancer; Classic variant; Invasive lobular breast carcinoma; Pleomorphic lobular carcinoma; Surgery; Survival.

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Conflict of interest statement

Declarations. Conflict of interest: The authors declare no competing interests.

Figures

Fig. 1
Fig. 1
Kaplan–Meier survival curves of overall survival according to the three subgroups. cILC classic invasive lobular carcinoma, PLC pleomorphic lobular carcinoma, ILC invasive lobular carcinoma
Fig. 2
Fig. 2
Kaplan–Meier survival curves of overall survival according to the five subgroups. cILC classic invasive lobular carcinoma, PLC pleomorphic lobular carcinoma
Fig. 3
Fig. 3
Kaplan–Meier survival curves of distant metastasis (DM)-free survival according to the three subgroups. cILC classic invasive lobular carcinoma, PLC pleomorphic lobular carcinoma, ILC invasive lobular carcinoma
Fig. 4
Fig. 4
Kaplan–Meier survival curves of distant metastasis (DM)-free survival according to the five subgroups. cILC classic invasive lobular carcinoma, PLC pleomorphic lobular carcinoma
Fig. 5
Fig. 5
Kaplan–Meier survival curves of disease-free survival (DFS) according to the three subgroups. cILC classic invasive lobular carcinoma, PLC pleomorphic lobular carcinoma, ILC invasive lobular carcinoma
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