Skip to main page content
U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Dot gov

The .gov means it’s official.
Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal government site.

Https

The site is secure.
The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely.

Access keys NCBI Homepage MyNCBI Homepage Main Content Main Navigation
. 2025 Aug:209:107229.
doi: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2025.107229. Epub 2025 May 17.

Distribution and variation of 129I in Danish water

Miriam Mindová  1 , Mojmír Němec  1 , Xiaolin Hou  2 , Christof Vockenhuber  3 , Martin Daňo  1
Affiliations

Distribution and variation of 129I in Danish water

Miriam Mindová et al. Mar Environ Res. 2025 Aug.

Abstract

This study explores the distribution and dynamics of iodine isotopes in coastal and marine waters of Denmark and the Baltic region. The highest 129I concentrations were observed in the west coast in the North Sea and North of Kattegat, with significantly decreasing trend southward into the Baltic, confirming the Great Belt as the primary pathway for iodine-rich North Sea inflows. Freshwater inflows and limited vertical mixing create stratified iodine distributions, with higher concentrations in deep saline currents and lower concentrations in surface waters. Temporal variability in 129I levels is influenced by climatic factors, including wind patterns, precipitation, and seasonal temperature shifts, affecting water mass exchange and isotopic composition. The findings enhance understanding of iodine transport and its dependence on regional hydrographic and climatic processes.

Keywords: (129)I; AMS; Baltic sea; Kattegat; North sea; Sea currents.

PubMed Disclaimer

Conflict of interest statement

Declaration of competing interest The authors declare the following financial interests/personal relationships which may be considered as potential competing interests: Mojmir Nemec reports financial support was provided by EU Operational programme Research. Xiaolin Hou reports financial support was provided by Ministry of Education of China. Christof Vockenhuber reports financial support was provided by EU Research and Innovation programme HORIZON 2020. If there are other authors, they declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.

MeSH terms

Substances

LinkOut - more resources