Exploring therapeutic targets in Toll-like receptor pathways: Implications for cardiovascular management in polycystic ovary syndrome

Abstract

Inflammation plays a crucial role in the development of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) via modulation in Toll-like receptor (TLR) signaling pathways and over the recent couple of years, there has been an increase in the cardiovascular events associated with PCOS. To overcome this condition, the development of targeted drugs to modulate the TLR signaling pathway, a major trigger in the development of cardiovascular complications with PCOS patients is required. This review aims to explore the therapeutic targets with TLR pathways and their implications for cardiovascular management in PCOS. The chronic activation of TLRs contributes significantly to inflammation and endothelial dysfunction, which are critical factors in the development of cardiovascular diseases in patients with PCOS. Various novel therapeutic approaches are taken into consideration, such as TLR antagonists, naturally occurring TLR inhibitors like curcumin, Cryptotanshinone (CRY), quercetin, berberine, omega-3 fatty acids, and some novel targeted therapies like exosome and gene therapy. The literature findings indicated that targeting specific TLR pathways, TLR2 and TLR4 presents a promising avenue for mitigating cardiovascular complications associated with PCOS which play a major role in disease pathogenesis. The findings underscore the importance of understanding TLR-mediated mechanisms to develop effective interventions tailored to this population. This exploration not only enhances our understanding of immune responses, specific TLRs such as TLR2 and TLR4 in relation to cardiovascular health but also lays the groundwork for innovative therapeutic strategies.

Keywords: Atherosclerosis; Chronic inflammation; Dyslipidemia; Hyperandrogenism; Insulin resistance; PCOS.