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. 2025 May 22;22(1):157.
doi: 10.1186/s12985-025-02790-y.

Age-related distribution of human papillomavirus genotypes in women with cervical squamous cell carcinoma from Linyi, China, 2015-2023

Yiming Wang  1 , Haiyan Hou  2 , Guanzheng Dong  3 , Hanlin Zhang  4 , Xiaohong Zhang  4 , Yuxia Zhou  2 , Mei Xue  4 , Zhihui Wang  4 , Jianxiang Geng  5 , Lisai Liu  6
Affiliations

Age-related distribution of human papillomavirus genotypes in women with cervical squamous cell carcinoma from Linyi, China, 2015-2023

Yiming Wang et al. Virol J. .

Abstract

Background: Understanding the regional HPV genotype profile is critical for informing targeted vaccination strategies and optimizing cervical cancer screening programs to enhance their effectiveness. This study investigated the prevalence and distribution of human papillomavirus (HPV) genotypes among women with cervical squamous cell carcinoma (CSCC) in Linyi city, China, from 2015 to 2023.

Methods: Data were obtained from 606 women histologically diagnosed with CSCC at Linyi Cancer Hospital between January 2015 and December 2023. DNA was extracted from paraffin-embedded tissue samples. HPV genotyping was performed via gene chip-based polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technology. Temporal trends and age-specific variations in HPV genotype distribution were analyzed to provide a comprehensive epidemiological assessment.

Results: The overall prevalence of HPV infection was 94.7% among 606 women with CSCC. HPV 16 was the most prevalent genotype (80.5%), followed by HPV 18 (5.2%), HPV 33 (2.8%), HPV 31 (1.8%), and HPV 58 (1.8%). Single infections were predominant (95.5%), while coinfections were observed in 4.5% of the cases. Age-specific analysis revealed that non-HPV 16 infections were more prevalent in women aged > 45 years, with greater genotype diversity in older age groups. Temporal trends indicated a decline in the prevalence of younger CSCC patients (26-45 years), whereas the prevalence of older women significantly increased.

Conclusion: Our study revealed that HPV genotype diversity in CSCC patients varies with age, highlighting the need for age-stratified and personalized cervical cancer prevention strategies. Enhanced screening efforts for older women are essential because of the greater genotypes diversity in this group. Additionally, the observed trends in HPV prevalence over time suggest that HPV vaccination has effectively reduced the incidence of CSCC in women under 45 years of age. These findings emphasize the importance of expanding vaccination coverage and optimizing screening programs to further reduce the cervical cancer burden across different age groups.

Keywords: Age; Cervical squamous cell carcinoma; China; HPV genotypes; Human papillomavirus; Prevalence.

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Conflict of interest statement

Declarations. Ethics approval and consent to participate: This study followed the ethical guidelines of the Declaration of Helsinki and was approved by the Ethics Committee of Nanjing Chinese Medicine Hospital, China. Consent for publication: All of the patients signed an informed consent form. Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests.

Figures

Fig. 1
Fig. 1
The proportions of single-type HPV infections, two-type HPV mixed infections, three-type HPV mixed infections and the proportions of HPV-16 infections in different HPV infection form
Fig. 2
Fig. 2
Age-specific distribution of HPV genotypes in cervical squamous cell carcinoma (CSCC) patients from Linyi, China (2015–2023). (A) Proportions of HPV 16 and non-HPV 16 genotypes across different age groups. (B) Distribution of non-HPV 16 high-risk genotypes stratified by age
Fig. 3
Fig. 3
The temporal trends in the proportions of different age groups among HPV-positive cervical cancer patients from 2015 to 2023
Fig. 4
Fig. 4
Changes in the proportions of 2vHPV,4vHPV,9vHPV, LR-HPV and HR-HPV among different age groups and different years, 2015–2023. (A) Age-specific proportions of different HPV genotypes. (B) Time-specific proportions of different HPV genotypes. HR HPV includes: HPV 16, 18, 31, 33, 35, 39, 45, 51, 52, 53, 56, 58, 59, 66, 68, 73, and 82. LR HPV includes: HPV 42. 2vHPV includes: HPV 16 and 18. 4vHPV includes: HPV 6, 11, 16 and 18. 9vHPV includes: HPV 6, 11, 16, 18, 31, 33, 45, 52 and 58
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