Neuroprotective nutrients in pregnancy and infant brain function

Abstract

Neuroprotective nutrients including omega 3 fatty acid docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), choline, and carotenoids play an important role in infant brain structure and function; however, the effects of maternal nutrition on the infant brain are understudied. We leveraged data from our large randomized clinical trial among pregnant women to determine whether maternal nutrients including DHA, choline, lutein/zeaxanthin (L/Z) and egg intake (a food source of these nutrients) were related to infant brain function. Data from n = 241 maternal and infant dyads were included in this secondary analysis. Food frequency questionnaires (Diet History Questionnaire II) at 32 weeks' gestation were used to assess choline and carotenoid intake and a brief survey on egg consumption (# eggs consumed per week) was used to assess egg intake. Maternal red blood cell DHA status was measured at 32 weeks' gestation. Infant brain function was measured using high density electroencephalogram (EEG) to auditory (1 month of age) and visual (6 months of age) event-related potentials (ERP). At 1 month of age, maternal DHA status was associated with greater delta-band spectral power to the novel tone during the ERP. Choline, choline∗L/Z, L/Z∗DHA, and choline∗L/Z∗DHA were each related to power to the frequent tone during the ERP. At 6 months, choline, DHA status, and choline∗DHA were related to shorter latency to the novel visual stimulus. Choline∗L/Z and choline∗L/Z∗DHA were related to greater amplitude to the novel stimulus. Overall, maternal neuroprotective nutrients were related to several markers of infant brain function.

Keywords: Choline; Docosahexaenoic acid; Infant neurodevelopment; Maternal diet.