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Review
. 2025 Jul;34(3):437-451.
doi: 10.1016/j.soc.2025.01.006. Epub 2025 Feb 28.

Predictive Biomarkers for Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor Therapy in Advanced Melanomas

Emma Wagner  1 , Banafshé Larijani  2 , Amanda Robinson Kirane  3
Affiliations
Review

Predictive Biomarkers for Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor Therapy in Advanced Melanomas

Emma Wagner et al. Surg Oncol Clin N Am. 2025 Jul.

Abstract

Biomarkers capable of predicting adverse melanoma patient responses to immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) therapies are an unmet need. Clinical biomarkers are largely prognostic and current response guidelines do not reflect the complex tumor-immune cell interaction dynamics attributed to ICI therapies. Validation of enhanced predictive biomarkers is dependent upon adoption of novel spatial imaging platforms capable of quantifying immune checkpoint receptor-ligand interactions within the tumor microenvironment. Assessments of these interactions at multiple points during neoadjuvant ICI regimens would inform biomarker selection based on changes in receptor-ligand interactions that best correlate with patient survival.

Keywords: Biomarker; Immune checkpoint; Immunotherapy; Melanoma; Predictive; Quantitative; Spatial.

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Conflict of interest statement

Disclosures The authors have nothing to disclose.

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