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Review
. 2025 May 26;41(6):184.
doi: 10.1007/s11274-025-04415-6.

Research progress and development prospects of microbial synthesis of ergothioneine

Zhixiao Lei #  1 , Yifan Feng #  1 , Wenming Zhang  1   2 , Yujia Jiang  1 , Minjiao Chen  1 , Wankui Jiang  3 , Fengxue Xin  4   5
Affiliations
Review

Research progress and development prospects of microbial synthesis of ergothioneine

Zhixiao Lei et al. World J Microbiol Biotechnol. .

Abstract

Ergothioneine (Egt) is a rare sulfur-containing amino acid widely distributed in edible fungi and bacteria. As a natural antioxidant, Egt has demonstrated significant application potential in the food, pharmaceutical, and cosmetic industries. However, conventional Egt production predominantly relies on chemical synthesis and biological extraction methods, which suffer from low titers and cannot meet the escalating market demand. With advances in synthetic biology, genetic engineering of suitable microbial chassis strains coupled with fermentation process optimization has emerged as a research hotspot for enhancing Egt biosynthesis efficiency. This review systematically examines Egt's applications, metabolic pathways, microbial synthesis strategies, and fermentation optimization approaches, while also prospecting future research directions and technical challenges in Egt production.

Keywords: Ergothioneine; Fermentation engineering; Genetic engineering; Synthetic biology.

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Conflict of interest statement

Declarations. Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests.

References

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