The significance of assessing the weight-adjusted-waist index (WWI) in patients with depression: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Abstract

Background: Obesity is recognized as a potential risk factor for depression, a prevalent psychiatric disorder that adversely impacts the health of adults globally. Based on this premise, the current study systematically examined the weight-adjusted-waist index (WWI), a more comprehensive measure of obesity, in individuals diagnosed with depression.

Method: Following PRISMA guidelines, a thorough search was conducted across five online databases: PubMed, Scopus, Embase, ScienceDirect, and Web of Science. Following the screening process, seven studies were included, encompassing a total of 162,053 participants, of whom 47.9 % were male.

Results: Despite some inconsistencies among the study reports, the majority of the included studies indicated elevated levels of the WWI index in patients with depression. Furthermore, meta-analytical results revealed that each 1-unit increase in the WWI index was significantly associated with higher odds of depression. Subgroup analyses indicated that this association was more pronounced in women, individuals aged 60 and above, diabetics, and those without cardiovascular disease or hypertension. Additionally, sensitivity analyses have corroborated the robustness of our findings.

Limitations: The number of studies included in the study was still relatively small. In addition, there was inherent heterogeneity among the included studies.

Conclusions: A significant positive association was observed between the WWI index and depression. Consequently, this study underscores the imperative for continued research in this area and suggests the potential integration of the WWI index measure into standard depression screening protocols to prevent depression-related fatal outcomes in the future.

Keywords: Depression; Meta-analysis; Systematic review; Weight-adjusted-waist index.