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. 2025 May 12:16:1524068.
doi: 10.3389/fphar.2025.1524068. eCollection 2025.

Drug stockpiling behavior and its impact on anxiety among the general public in the early stage after the lifting of China's Zero-COVID policy: results from a web-based survey

Yu Huang #  1 , Shuiyang Xu #  1 , Xiang Zhao  1 , Lei Wang  1 , Qiaohong Lv  1 , Suxian Wu  1 , Qingqing Wu  1 , Xuehai Zhang  1
Affiliations

Drug stockpiling behavior and its impact on anxiety among the general public in the early stage after the lifting of China's Zero-COVID policy: results from a web-based survey

Yu Huang et al. Front Pharmacol. .

Abstract

Background: On 7 December 2022, China lifted most of the restrictions under the so-called zero-COVID policy due to factors like less toxicity of the new variants of the virus, leading to widespread infections throughout China.

Objectives: This study aims to assess the stockpiling behavior of COVID-19 medicines by the general population in Zhejiang at the early stage after China's zero-COVID policy cancellation and its impact on people's anxiety.

Methods: A cross-sectional, internet-based survey was conducted to collect information on COVID-19 drug purchasing behavior, sociodemographic characteristics, anxiety levels, etc. Chi-square tests and univariate analyses were used to explore the association between COVID-19 medicines purchasing behavior and sociodemographic characteristics. Multivariate analyses were employed to explore the impact of COVID-19 drug purchasing behavior on anxiety status.

Results: Among 38,480 participants, stockpiling behavior of COVID-19 medicines was reported by 35.74% of them and was most common among participants from Huzhou area, female, those who aged< 20 years, those with postgraduate education level, health workers. A total of 20,986 (54.54%) participants claimed that they were unable to access any COVID-19 medicines, while 3,742 (9.72%) participants felt it unnecessary to stockpile medicines. The majority of the participants (82.3%) experienced anxiety. Multivariate analyses found that compared to those with severe anxiety, those with moderate anxiety were 1.76 times more likely to have stockpiled COVID-19 medicine (aOR 1.76, 95% CI 1.64-1.89); those with mild anxiety were 2.11 times (aOR 2.11, 95% CI 1.98-2.24) more likely to have stockpiled COVID-19 medicine; those with no anxiety were 2.48 times (aOR 2.48, 95% CI 2.31-2.67) more likely to have stockpiled COVID-19 medicine.

Conclusion: At the early stage after China's zero-COVID policy cancellation, drug stockpiling among the public and the subsequent drug shortage was observed. There exists inequity in distribution between regions and among different groups of people. Many people experienced anxiety, especially those without access to COVID-19 medications. Measures for equitable drug distribution and public education on safe self-medication should be taken for future public health events.

Keywords: COVID-19; China; anxiety; drug management; drug shortages; drug stockpiling.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.

Figures

FIGURE 1
FIGURE 1
COVID-19 medicine stockpiling behavior in Zhejiang at the early stage after zero-COVID policy cancellation in China.
FIGURE 2
FIGURE 2
Proportions of participants who had stockpiled COVID-19 drugs and reasons for those not purchasing them.
FIGURE 3
FIGURE 3
Channels of COVID-19 medicine purchasing among participants.
FIGURE 4
FIGURE 4
The association between the stockpiling behavior of COVID-19 drugs and the anxiety status of participants in the early stage after the cancellation of China’s zero-COVID policy.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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