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. 2025 Apr 30;13(5):360.
doi: 10.3390/toxics13050360.

Screening of Profitable Chrysanthemums for the Phytoremediation of Cadmium-Contaminated Soils

Xinzhe Lu  1   2 , Yanfang Chen  1   2 , Jinqiu Song  3 , Jiayu Bao  2   4 , Chunzheng Dai  3 , Rui Sun  1   2 , Jiacheng Liu  2   4 , Chenjiang Jin  5 , Nanchong Zhong  3 , Chunlei Huang  1   2 , Kokyo Oh  6
Affiliations

Screening of Profitable Chrysanthemums for the Phytoremediation of Cadmium-Contaminated Soils

Xinzhe Lu et al. Toxics. .

Abstract

To explore the phytoremediation effect of ornamental chrysanthemums on cadmium (Cd)-contaminated farmland soil, a 2-year field trial was conducted on 23 chrysanthemum cultivars in Cd-contaminated soil in Zhejiang Province, China. The biomass yields, Cd content of the plants, Cd enrichment coefficient, and remediation efficiency were evaluated. The aboveground biomass of the tested chrysanthemums was 67.10-166.08 g/plant, the aboveground Cd content was 1.97-5.92 mg kg-1, and the Cd enrichment coefficient was 2.98-9.84. In a screening test of twenty-three chrysanthemum cultivars, six cultivars, such as marigolds, were characterized by high cadmium accumulation, with the average cadmium accumulation of chrysanthemums exceeding 0.6 mg per plant, and the remediation of rhizosphere-contaminated soils took only 4-5 years. Fourteen chrysanthemum cultivars have good multiple-cropping characteristics, and five multiple-cropping chrysanthemum cultivars, such as QX-yz, have high heavy metal tolerance. The multiple-cropping JL-yg cultivars with higher Cd accumulation could be recommended for the remediation of Cd-contaminated farmland. The application of bamboo vinegar to the chrysanthemum rhizosphere effectively promoted Cd absorption. After estimating the economic benefits of artificially planting five dominant varieties of chrysanthemums for polluted farmland remediation, it is concluded that the annual income of a worker can be slightly higher than the average annual income level of local residents.

Keywords: cadmium remove; chrysanthemum cultivars; phytoremediation; soil contamination.

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Conflict of interest statement

Authors Jinqiu Song, Chunzheng Dai and Nanchong Zhong were employed by the company Zhejiang Zhezhong Geological Engineering Investigation Institute Co., Ltd. Author Chenjiang Jin was employed by the company Zhejiang Geology and Mineral Technology Co., Ltd. The re-maining authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or fi-nancial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Chrysanthemum cultivars used in this study.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Aboveground biomass (a), enrichment coefficient (b), Cd accumulation (c), and remediation stage (d) of 23 chrysanthemum cultivars.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Changes in aboveground biomass of multiple-cropping chrysanthemum cultivars.
Figure 4
Figure 4
The Cd content (a) and enrichment coefficient (b) in flowers and stalks.
Figure 5
Figure 5
Aboveground biomass (a), Cd content (b), and Cd accumulation (c) of chrysanthemum plants under organic acid and EDTA-Si. Note: Lowercase letters a,b,c,d above the error bar represents the significant differences (p < 0.05) among different treatments, these containing the same letters show no significant difference (i.e., ab and a), while those with different letters indicate a significant difference between the two (i.e., a and b).
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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