Skip to main page content
U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Dot gov

The .gov means it’s official.
Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal government site.

Https

The site is secure.
The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely.

Access keys NCBI Homepage MyNCBI Homepage Main Content Main Navigation
. 2025 Nov;35(11):11249-11259.
doi: 10.1007/s10895-025-04375-y. Epub 2025 May 27.

Design of Molecular Logic Gates Via pH-dependent Absorption and Fluorescence Transitions in Drug Molecules

R Annoji Reddy  1   2 , Vibha  1 , H M Suresh Kumar  3 , M N Ravikantha  1   4 , J Thipperudrappa  5
Affiliations

Design of Molecular Logic Gates Via pH-dependent Absorption and Fluorescence Transitions in Drug Molecules

R Annoji Reddy et al. J Fluoresc. 2025 Nov.

Abstract

In this manuscript, we have explored the absorption and fluorescence properties of Sulfamethoxazole (SMX) and Trimethoprim (TMP) in the pH range 1-14. The absorption and fluorescence properties of SMX and TMP exhibit significant variations with changes in pH. These variations in absorption and fluorescence characteristics have been analyzed based on the existence of different species of these molecules in different pH ranges. The variations in absorption and fluorescence intensity of SMX and TMP molecules as a function of pH have been utilized to design two-input molecular logic gates, namely Improved-INHIBIT (I-INHIBIT) and IMPLICATION. Also, the absorption and fluorescence properties at different wavelength maxima have been utilized to design the same molecular logic gates.

Keywords: IMPLICATION; Improved-INHIBIT; Molecular logic gates; Sulfamethoxazole; Trimethoprim.

PubMed Disclaimer

Conflict of interest statement

Declarations. Competing Interests: The authors declare no competing interests.

References

    1. Mondal D, Bar M, Maity D, Baitalik S (2015) Anthraimidazoledione-terpyridine-based optical chemosensor for anions and cations that works as molecular half-subtractor, key-pad lock, and memory device. J Phys Chem C 119:25429–25441. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jpcc.5b08337 - DOI
    1. Karmakar S, Mardanya S, Pal P, Baitalik S (2015) Design of multichannel osmium-based metalloreceptor for anions and cations by taking profit from metal–ligand interaction and construction of molecular keypad lock and memory device. Inorg Chem 54:11813–11825. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.inorgchem.5b02300 - DOI - PubMed
    1. Andréasson J, Pischel U (2018) Molecules for security measures: from keypad locks to advanced communication protocols. Chem Soc Rev 47:2266–2279. https://doi.org/10.1039/C7CS00287D - DOI - PubMed
    1. Margulies D, Melman G, Shanzer A (2006) A molecular full-adder and full-subtractor, an additional step toward a moleculator. J Am Chem Soc 128:4865–4871. https://doi.org/10.1021/ja058564w - DOI - PubMed
    1. Kumar S, Luxami V, Saini R, Kaur D (2009) Superimposed molecular keypad lock and half-subtractor implications in a single fluorophore. Chem Commun 21:3044–3046. https://doi.org/10.1039/b900131j - DOI

LinkOut - more resources