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Review
. 2025 Apr 26;14(5):436.
doi: 10.3390/antibiotics14050436.

A Scoping Review Unveiling Antimicrobial Resistance Patterns in the Environment of Dairy Farms Across Asia

Yuvaneswary Veloo  1   2 , Syahidiah Syed Abu Thahir  1 , Zunita Zakaria  2   3 , Salina Abdul Rahman  1 , Rozaihan Mansor  3 , Sakshaleni Rajendiran  1
Affiliations
Review

A Scoping Review Unveiling Antimicrobial Resistance Patterns in the Environment of Dairy Farms Across Asia

Yuvaneswary Veloo et al. Antibiotics (Basel). .

Abstract

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) poses a significant "One Health" challenge in the farming industry attributed to antimicrobial misuse and overuse, affecting the health of humans, animals, and the environment. Recognizing the crucial role of the environment in facilitating the transmission of AMR is imperative for addressing this global health issue. Despite its urgency, there remains a notable gap in understanding resistance levels in the environment. This scoping review aims to consolidate and summarize available evidence of AMR prevalence and resistance genes in dairy farm settings. This study was conducted following the PRISMA Extension checklist to retrieve relevant studies conducted in Asian countries between 2013 and 2023. An electronic literature search involving PubMed, ScienceDirect, Embase, and Scopus resulted in a total of 1126 unique articles that were identified. After a full-text eligibility assessment, 39 studies were included in this review. The findings indicate that AMR studies in dairy farm environments have primarily focused on selective bacteria, especially Escherichia coli and other bacteria such as Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella spp., and Salmonella spp. Antimicrobial resistance patterns were reported across 24 studies involving 78 antimicrobials, which predominantly consisted of gentamicin (70.8%), ampicillin (58.3%), and tetracycline (58.3%). This review emphasizes the current state of AMR in the environmental aspects of dairy farms across Asia, highlighting significant gaps in regional coverage and bacterial species studied. It highlights the need for broader surveillance, integration with antimicrobial stewardship, and cross-sector collaboration to address AMR through a One Health approach.

Keywords: Asia; antimicrobial resistance; antimicrobials; environment.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflicts of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
PRISMA flow chart of literature selection based on inclusion/exclusion criteria to identify the occurrence of AMR in the environment of dairy farms.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Asian countries with the number of articles. Map lines delineate study areas and do not necessarily depict accepted national boundaries.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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