A Cross-Sectional Study Assessing Antibiotic Resistance Awareness Among University Students in Samborondón, Greater Guayaquil, Ecuador

Abstract

Background/Objectives: Education on antibiotic use has the potential to positively shape the practices and perspectives of future professionals. Assessing awareness levels of antibiotic resistance among university students is, therefore, critical, as they represent a vital demographic capable of influencing public health outcomes, especially in low- and middle-income countries. Methods: This cross-sectional study employed the World Health Organization's Antibiotic Resistance: Multi-Country Public Awareness Survey, which examines demographics, antibiotic use, knowledge, perspectives, and sources of information. A total of 922 surveys were collected from students across various disciplines at two universities in Greater Guayaquil. Results: Most participants reported obtaining antibiotics through healthcare professionals, adhering to proper usage instructions, and purchasing them primarily from pharmacies. However, only 56% of the responses were correct, with many students incorrectly associating antibiotic use with conditions where they are typically ineffective. Despite these gaps, the students expressed positive attitudes toward proposed measures to address antibiotic resistance. While the participants demonstrated familiarity with terms related to antibiotic resistance and identified doctors and educators as their main sources of information, educational campaigns were not widely recognized as important. Conclusions: These findings evidence knowledge gaps among an essential group, suggesting the need for targeted health programs, preventive strategies, and educational initiatives to combat misinformation regarding antimicrobial resistance.

Keywords: Ecuador; KAP; antibiotic resistance awareness; cross-sectional survey; health literacy; students.

Figure 1

Percentage of respondents selecting each option for conditions presented as treated with antibiotics. ★ denotes significant differences.

Figure 2

Likert scale results reflecting student perspectives on (A) potential actions to address the antibiotic resistance issue and (B) additional statements related to attitudes toward antibiotic resistance.