The Adverse Effects of Tuberculosis Treatment: A Comprehensive Literature Review

Abstract

Tuberculosis remains a significant public health challenge globally. The emergence of multidrug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains presents one of the biggest hurdles in tuberculosis management. Both first- and second-line tuberculosis drugs are associated with common adverse reactions, which can lead to treatment interruptions and decreased adherence. In this article, we review the most commonly used drugs for the treatment of tuberculosis, focusing on the adverse reactions they may cause. We will examine the frequency and timeline of adverse drug reactions involving gastrointestinal, cardiac, neurological, nephrological, and cutaneous systems. Identifying patients at risk of developing those reactions is crucial for healthcare providers to implement monitoring strategies and manage complications effectively. In the review, we present the data about risk factors, management recommendations, and drug discontinuation rates as a result of side effects.

Keywords: adverse drug reactions; drug-resistant tuberculosis; drug-susceptible tuberculosis; first-line drugs; second-line drugs; tuberculosis.