Treatment of Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumors: Beyond Traditional Surgery and Targeted Therapy

doi:10.3390/jcm14103389

Review

. 2025 May 13;14(10):3389.

doi: 10.3390/jcm14103389.

Treatment of Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumors: Beyond Traditional Surgery and Targeted Therapy

Khyati Bidani¹, Angela G Marinovic², Vishali Moond³, Prateek Harne⁴, Arkady Broder⁵, Nirav Thosani⁶

Affiliations

¹ Department of Internal Medicine, Saint Peter's University Hospital/Rutgers, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA.
² Department of Internal Medicine, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
³ Department of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA.
⁴ Department of Advanced Endoscopy, Allegheny General Hospital, Pittsburgh, PA 15212, USA.
⁵ Division of Gastroenterology, Saint Peter's University Hospital/Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA.
⁶ Center for Interventional Gastroenterology at UTHealth (iGUT), Department of Surgery, Division of Endoluminal Surgery and Interventional Gastroenterology, McGovern Medical School at UTHealth, Houston, TX 77030, USA.

PMID: 40429384
PMCID: PMC12112752
DOI: 10.3390/jcm14103389

Review

Treatment of Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumors: Beyond Traditional Surgery and Targeted Therapy

Khyati Bidani et al. J Clin Med. 2025.

. 2025 May 13;14(10):3389.

doi: 10.3390/jcm14103389.

Authors

Khyati Bidani¹, Angela G Marinovic², Vishali Moond³, Prateek Harne⁴, Arkady Broder⁵, Nirav Thosani⁶

Affiliations

¹ Department of Internal Medicine, Saint Peter's University Hospital/Rutgers, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA.
² Department of Internal Medicine, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
³ Department of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA.
⁴ Department of Advanced Endoscopy, Allegheny General Hospital, Pittsburgh, PA 15212, USA.
⁵ Division of Gastroenterology, Saint Peter's University Hospital/Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA.
⁶ Center for Interventional Gastroenterology at UTHealth (iGUT), Department of Surgery, Division of Endoluminal Surgery and Interventional Gastroenterology, McGovern Medical School at UTHealth, Houston, TX 77030, USA.

PMID: 40429384
PMCID: PMC12112752
DOI: 10.3390/jcm14103389

Abstract

Pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (PNETs) are a rare subset of pancreatic neoplasms with diverse biological behavior and clinical presentations. Traditional treatment approaches, such as surgery and targeted therapies, have significantly improved outcomes. However, advancements in molecular biology, immunotherapy, and minimally invasive techniques have ushered in a new era of treatment possibilities. This manuscript explores the emerging modalities in PNET management, emphasizing the need for a multidisciplinary approach tailored to individual patient profiles.

Keywords: EUS-guided ablation; conversion surgery; immunotherapy advancements; microwave ablation; minimally invasive techniques; molecular; neoadjuvant and adjuvant therapy; pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (PNETs); peptide receptor radionuclide therapy (PRRT); radiofrequency ablation; somatostatin analogs; targeted therapy.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflicts of interest.

References

1. Sonbol M.B., Mazza G.L., Mi L., Oliver T., Starr J., Gudmundsdottir H., Cleary S.P., Hobday T., Halfdanarson T.R. Survival and incidence patterns of pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors over the last 2 decades: A SEER database analysis. Oncologist. 2022;27:573–578. doi: 10.1093/oncolo/oyac049. - DOI - PMC - PubMed
1. Younis F., Shor D.B.A., Lubezky N., Geva R., Osher E., Shibolet O., Phillips A., Scapa E. Endoscopic ultrasound-guided radiofrequency ablation of premalignant pancreatic-cystic neoplasms and neuroendocrine tumors: Prospective study. Eur. J. Gastroenterol. Hepatol. 2022;34:1111–1115. doi: 10.1097/MEG.0000000000002422. - DOI - PubMed
1. Rossi S., Viera F.T., Ghittoni G., Cobianchi L., Rosa L.L., Siciliani L., Bortolotto C., Veronese L., Vercelli A., Gallotti A., et al. Radiofrequency ablation of pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors: A pilot study of feasibility, efficacy, and safety. Pancreas. 2014;43:938–945. doi: 10.1097/MPA.0000000000000133. - DOI - PubMed
1. Pai M., Habib N., Senturk H., Lakhtakia S., Reddy N., Cicinnati V.R., Kaba I., Beckebaum S., Drymousis P., Kahaleh M., et al. Endoscopic ultrasound guided radiofrequency ablation, for pancreatic cystic neoplasms and neuroendocrine tumors. World J. Gastrointest. Surg. 2015;7:52. doi: 10.4240/wjgs.v7.i4.52. - DOI - PMC - PubMed
1. de Andreis F.B., Boškoski I., Mascagni P., Schepis T., Bianchi A., Schinzari G., Annicchiarico B.E., Quero G., Tortora G., Alfieri S., et al. Safety and efficacy of endoscopic ultrasound-guided radiofrequency ablation for pancreatic insulinoma: A single-center experience. Pancreatology. 2023;23:543–549. doi: 10.1016/j.pan.2023.05.004. - DOI - PubMed

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[1] Sonbol M.B., Mazza G.L., Mi L., Oliver T., Starr J., Gudmundsdottir H., Cleary S.P., Hobday T., Halfdanarson T.R. Survival and incidence patterns of pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors over the last 2 decades: A SEER database analysis. Oncologist. 2022;27:573–578. doi: 10.1093/oncolo/oyac049. - DOI - PMC - PubMed

[2] Sonbol M.B., Mazza G.L., Mi L., Oliver T., Starr J., Gudmundsdottir H., Cleary S.P., Hobday T., Halfdanarson T.R. Survival and incidence patterns of pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors over the last 2 decades: A SEER database analysis. Oncologist. 2022;27:573–578. doi: 10.1093/oncolo/oyac049. - DOI - PMC - PubMed

[3] Younis F., Shor D.B.A., Lubezky N., Geva R., Osher E., Shibolet O., Phillips A., Scapa E. Endoscopic ultrasound-guided radiofrequency ablation of premalignant pancreatic-cystic neoplasms and neuroendocrine tumors: Prospective study. Eur. J. Gastroenterol. Hepatol. 2022;34:1111–1115. doi: 10.1097/MEG.0000000000002422. - DOI - PubMed

[4] Younis F., Shor D.B.A., Lubezky N., Geva R., Osher E., Shibolet O., Phillips A., Scapa E. Endoscopic ultrasound-guided radiofrequency ablation of premalignant pancreatic-cystic neoplasms and neuroendocrine tumors: Prospective study. Eur. J. Gastroenterol. Hepatol. 2022;34:1111–1115. doi: 10.1097/MEG.0000000000002422. - DOI - PubMed

[5] Rossi S., Viera F.T., Ghittoni G., Cobianchi L., Rosa L.L., Siciliani L., Bortolotto C., Veronese L., Vercelli A., Gallotti A., et al. Radiofrequency ablation of pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors: A pilot study of feasibility, efficacy, and safety. Pancreas. 2014;43:938–945. doi: 10.1097/MPA.0000000000000133. - DOI - PubMed

[6] Rossi S., Viera F.T., Ghittoni G., Cobianchi L., Rosa L.L., Siciliani L., Bortolotto C., Veronese L., Vercelli A., Gallotti A., et al. Radiofrequency ablation of pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors: A pilot study of feasibility, efficacy, and safety. Pancreas. 2014;43:938–945. doi: 10.1097/MPA.0000000000000133. - DOI - PubMed

[7] Pai M., Habib N., Senturk H., Lakhtakia S., Reddy N., Cicinnati V.R., Kaba I., Beckebaum S., Drymousis P., Kahaleh M., et al. Endoscopic ultrasound guided radiofrequency ablation, for pancreatic cystic neoplasms and neuroendocrine tumors. World J. Gastrointest. Surg. 2015;7:52. doi: 10.4240/wjgs.v7.i4.52. - DOI - PMC - PubMed

[8] Pai M., Habib N., Senturk H., Lakhtakia S., Reddy N., Cicinnati V.R., Kaba I., Beckebaum S., Drymousis P., Kahaleh M., et al. Endoscopic ultrasound guided radiofrequency ablation, for pancreatic cystic neoplasms and neuroendocrine tumors. World J. Gastrointest. Surg. 2015;7:52. doi: 10.4240/wjgs.v7.i4.52. - DOI - PMC - PubMed

[9] de Andreis F.B., Boškoski I., Mascagni P., Schepis T., Bianchi A., Schinzari G., Annicchiarico B.E., Quero G., Tortora G., Alfieri S., et al. Safety and efficacy of endoscopic ultrasound-guided radiofrequency ablation for pancreatic insulinoma: A single-center experience. Pancreatology. 2023;23:543–549. doi: 10.1016/j.pan.2023.05.004. - DOI - PubMed

[10] de Andreis F.B., Boškoski I., Mascagni P., Schepis T., Bianchi A., Schinzari G., Annicchiarico B.E., Quero G., Tortora G., Alfieri S., et al. Safety and efficacy of endoscopic ultrasound-guided radiofrequency ablation for pancreatic insulinoma: A single-center experience. Pancreatology. 2023;23:543–549. doi: 10.1016/j.pan.2023.05.004. - DOI - PubMed

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Treatment of Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumors: Beyond Traditional Surgery and Targeted Therapy

Affiliations

Treatment of Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumors: Beyond Traditional Surgery and Targeted Therapy

Authors

Affiliations

Abstract

Conflict of interest statement

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References

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LinkOut - more resources

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