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. 2025 May 14;14(10):1474.
doi: 10.3390/plants14101474.

In Vitro and In Vivo Antitumor Activity of a Chloroform Partition from Ibervillea sonorae (S. Watson) GreeneEndophytic Bacillus subtilis Extracts

Ricardo Romero-Arguelles  1 , César Iván Romo-Sáenz  1   2 , Patricia Tamez-Guerra  1 , Diego Fonseca-Rivera  1 , Joel H Elizondo-Luevano  1 , Nancy Edith Rodriguez-Garza  1   3 , Orquidea Perez-Gutierrez  1 , Celia María Quiñones-Flores  2 , Carlos Arzate-Quintana  2 , Lydia Paulina Loya Hernandez  2 , Ricardo Gomez-Flores  1
Affiliations

In Vitro and In Vivo Antitumor Activity of a Chloroform Partition from Ibervillea sonorae (S. Watson) GreeneEndophytic Bacillus subtilis Extracts

Ricardo Romero-Arguelles et al. Plants (Basel). .

Abstract

Cancer is a complex disease due to its high variability and resistance to conventional treatments. The search for new therapies has prompted the study of less invasive natural sources, such as endophytic bacteria from medicinal plants. Bacillus subtilis is known to produce bioactive metabolites with promising pharmacological properties. This study evaluated the antitumor activity of the endophyte B. subtilis from Ibervillea sonorae against murine L5178Y-R lymphoma cells within in vitro and in vivo models. B. subtilis methanol extract was fractionated in hexane, chloroform, and methanol, with the chloroform partition showing the highest tumor cell growth inhibition (IC50 = 34.62 ± 0.180 µg/mL) and the highest selectivity index (SI = 15.53) when compared with the hexane and methanol partitions. The in vivo study showed that mice treated with 10 mg/kg of the chloroform partition significantly (p < 0.01) reduced the tumor volume and weight without affecting tumor-free body weight. The maximum tolerated dose test indicated that 10 mg/kg was safe and well tolerated. These results indicate that B. subtilis may be a promising source of selective antitumor compounds.

Keywords: Bacillus subtilis; endophyte; lymphoma; medicinal plants.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflicts of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
L5178Y-R lymphoma cell growth inhibition by B. subtilis partitions.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Body weight variation in mice treated with B. subtilis extract and vehicle for 15 days.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Tumor volume, tumor weight, and tumor-free weight of female BALB/c mice treated with chloroform-based partition (10 mg/kg) from ISE-B27 (B. subtilis) bacterial extract. (a) Tumor volume, (b) tumor weight, and (c) tumor-free weight. ** p < 0.01; *** p < 0.001; ns: not significant.
Figure 4
Figure 4
Effect of chloroform-based partition (10 mg/kg) from ISE-B27 (B. subtilis) bacterial extract on tumor size. Tumors of the untreated group were significantly larger compared to those of the treated group.
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