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. 2025 May 15;12(5):481.
doi: 10.3390/vetsci12050481.

Molecular Prevalence and Phylogenetic Analysis of Anaplasma spp. in Goats from Adana, Türkiye

Tülin Güven Gökmen  1 , Armağan Erdem Ütük  2 , Esra Aslan Tokgöz  3 , Nur Sima Uprak  1 , Afra Sena Tekin  2 , Ufuk Erol  4 , Pınar Ayvazoğlu Demir  5 , Osman Sezer  3 , Elçin Günaydın  6
Affiliations

Molecular Prevalence and Phylogenetic Analysis of Anaplasma spp. in Goats from Adana, Türkiye

Tülin Güven Gökmen et al. Vet Sci. .

Abstract

Anaplasmosis is a disease in animals that leads to significant economic losses. In addition, the zoonotic potential of vector-borne Anaplasma species is increasing its importance, both around the world and in Türkiye, in particular. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence and phylogenetic profile of Anaplasma species in goats from the districts of Adana province, Türkiye, via molecular methods. For this purpose, blood samples from 364 goats of various breeds, ages, and genders were collected, and the presence of 55 Anaplasma spp. was determined through the PCR method. Anaplasma ovis was detected in 55 samples (15.1%) and A. phagocytophilum in 11 samples (3%) by Nested-PCR. However, A. capra was not detected. The phylogenetic relationships of A. ovis and A. phagocytophilum were investigated by DNA sequencing of the msp4 and 16S rRNA gene regions. Through sequence analysis in A. phagocytophilum, we identified nine isolates as A. phagocytophilum-like 1 and one isolate as A. phagocytophilum-like 2. Forty-six of the A. ovis isolates were 100% similar to each other. The other 2 isolates were also 100% similar to each other but had a single nucleotide difference from the other 46 isolates. Notably, the isolate identified as A. phagocytophilum-like 2 was detected for the first time in goats in Türkiye.

Keywords: A. capra; A. ovis; A. phagocytophilum-like 1; A. phagocytophilum-like 2; goat.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare that this research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as potential conflicts of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Adana province’s location in the world and in Türkiye. The map was created using QGIS v.3.10.5 software (https://www.qgis.org/en/site/forusers/download.html) accessed on 25 September 2024.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Products of 16S rRNA PCR.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Anaplasma ovis msp4 gene Nested-PCR products.
Figure 4
Figure 4
Anaplasma phagocytophilum 16S rRNA gene Nested-PCR products.
Figure 5
Figure 5
Phylogenetic trees according to the msp4 gene sequences of Anaplasma ovis, drawn with the maximum likelihood method in Mega-11 software. Numbers at the nodes represent bootstrap values with 1000 replicates. The scale bar shows 0.02 substitutions per nucleotide.
Figure 6
Figure 6
Phylogenetic tree of the 16S rRNA sequences of A. phagocytophilum and related strains, as well as other Anaplasma species, drawn with the maximum likelihood method in Mega-11 software. Numbers at the nodes represent the bootstrap values with 1000 replicates. The scale bar shows 0.02 substitutions per nucleotide position.
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