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Review
. 2025 May 13;25(10):3080.
doi: 10.3390/s25103080.

Virtual Reality: A New Frontier of Physical Rehabilitation

Alessandro Capriotti  1 , Sarah Moret  1 , Eleonora Del Bello  1 , Ario Federici  1 , Francesco Lucertini  1
Affiliations
Review

Virtual Reality: A New Frontier of Physical Rehabilitation

Alessandro Capriotti et al. Sensors (Basel). .

Abstract

Immersive virtual reality (VR) technology has enhanced the field of physical rehabilitation by offering a novel approach to motor recovery and serving as an effective assessment tool. It enables the simulation of various actions, including activities of daily living, within immersive, safe, and controlled environments. Although numerous studies have examined the efficacy of immersive VR for upper limb motor recovery in patients with various conditions, this review aimed to summarize current evidence, highlight benefits and limitations, and provide directions for future research. The review was conducted following PRISMA guidelines. Studies involving individuals over 18 years old with stroke, Parkinson's disease, amputation, or fibromyalgia were included. The findings demonstrate improvements in strength, dexterity, range of motion, and coordination. Additional benefits included enhanced neuroplasticity and pain reduction. Immersive VR-based exercise sessions were often perceived as more enjoyable and engaging, and less complex, than conventional therapy. The technology proved to be safe, adaptable across age groups, and customizable. Furthermore, the integration of immersive VR into telerehabilitation programs improved accessibility for both patients and healthcare providers. However, not all populations may benefit equally from this method due to variability in disease severity and the presence of comorbidities.

Keywords: adult; elder; immersive virtual reality; physical rehabilitation; upper limb.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflicts of interest. The funders had no role in the design of the study; in the collection, analyses, or interpretation of data; in the writing of the manuscript; or in the decision to publish the results.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
PRISMA flow diagram.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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