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. 2025 Jul;21(30):e2412189.
doi: 10.1002/smll.202412189. Epub 2025 May 28.

Single Particle Semi-Reversible Solvatochromic Sensor

Boyoung Yoon  1 , Narges Ahmadi  1 , Inwoong Heo  1 , Seung Soo Shin  1 , Jong-Man Kim  2 , Bum Jun Park  1
Affiliations

Single Particle Semi-Reversible Solvatochromic Sensor

Boyoung Yoon et al. Small. 2025 Jul.

Abstract

A semi-reversible solvatochromic sensor is presented using polydiacetylene@polydimethylsiloxane (PDA@PDMS) core-shell particles fabricated via a co-flow microfluidic method. Exposing these particles to specific volumes and types of solvents triggers the migration of unpolymerized 10,12-pentacosadiynoic acid (PCDA) monomers from the PDA core to the PDMS shell, enabling distinctive semi-reversible color-change patterns in both regions during repeated cycles of UV exposure and solvatochromism. The solvent-induced response of PDA@PDMS varies according to solvent permeability and solvent-mediated PCDA transport efficiency, which are influenced by PDMS swelling, solvent boiling point, and PCDA solubility. Compared to bare PDA particles and PDA/PDMS composite particles, PDA@PDMS exhibits superior solvent differentiation through distinct solvatochromic responses across a range of solvents. These PDA@PDMS core-shell particles offer a robust platform for real-time, precise multi-solvent detection, with significant potential for analytical and environmental monitoring applications.

Keywords: colorimetric sensor; core–shell structure; polydiacetylene particle; semi‐reversible response; solvatochromism.

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