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. 2025 May 28.
doi: 10.1007/s00404-025-08058-8. Online ahead of print.

Perception and experiences of having children and contraceptive use among women in low-income groups: a qualitative study

Fatma Başaran  1 , Pınar Duru  2
Affiliations

Perception and experiences of having children and contraceptive use among women in low-income groups: a qualitative study

Fatma Başaran et al. Arch Gynecol Obstet. .

Abstract

Background: Low-income level has great importance on women's reproductive health issues such as childbearing and contraceptive use.

Aim: This study aims to examine in depth the perceptions and experiences of women of low socioeconomic status regarding having children and contraceptive methods.

Methods: A phenomenological design was adopted as a qualitative research method. It was conducted with 20 women living in a city in the Eastern Anatolia Region of Türkiye, with low socioeconomic status, married, and having at least one child, between March 15, 2023, and October 18, 2023. The data obtained were analyzed using the thematic content analysis method with the assistance of the Nvivo 12 Pro software package. COREQ guidelines were followed when reporting the data.

Results: Analysis revealed three main themes: "Experiences regarding having children," "Perceptions regarding having children," and "Perceptions and experiences of contraceptive methods." Most participants described having children as a sacred and meaningful experience yet emphasized the challenging aspects of this experience due to caregiving responsibilities and economic hardships. While the ideal number of children was generally stated as two, the actual number of children often exceeded this ideal; moreover, some women perceived the number of children as a matter of "destiny." Regarding contraceptive methods, lack of knowledge, the necessity of spousal approval, and concerns about side effects of certain methods were identified as key factors influencing participants' contraceptive choices.

Conclusion: The study revealed that complex emotional, relational, and social dynamics shape women's decisions regarding childbearing. Additionally, knowledge gaps play a significant role in shaping their perceptions and use of contraceptive methods.

Keywords: Contraceptive method; Experience; Having children; Perception; Qualitative research; Women.

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Conflict of interest statement

Declarations. Conflict of interest: The authors declare no competing interests.

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