Skip to main page content
U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Dot gov

The .gov means it’s official.
Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal government site.

Https

The site is secure.
The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely.

Access keys NCBI Homepage MyNCBI Homepage Main Content Main Navigation
Review
. 2025 Jul:99:106460.
doi: 10.1016/j.msard.2025.106460. Epub 2025 Apr 20.

Latin American RAND/UCLA modified Delphi consensus recommendations for management and treatment of adult MOGAD patients in clinical practice

Edgar Carnero Contentti  1 , Jorge Correale  2 , Juan I Rojas  3 , Ricardo Alonso  4 , Jefferson Becker  5 , César Caparó Zamalloa  6 , Edgar Patricio Correa-Díaz  7 , José Flores-Rivera  8 , Jorge A Jiménez Arango  9 , Marco A Lana Peixoto  10 , Carlos Navas  11 , Liliana Pataruco  12 , Víctor M Rivera  13 , Douglas K Sato  5 , Ibis Soto de Castillo  14 , Verónica Tkachuk  15 , Michael Levy  16 , Friedemann Paul  17
Affiliations
Review

Latin American RAND/UCLA modified Delphi consensus recommendations for management and treatment of adult MOGAD patients in clinical practice

Edgar Carnero Contentti et al. Mult Scler Relat Disord. 2025 Jul.

Abstract

Introduction: Over the last decade, myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody-associated disease (MOGAD) has seen significant advancements, with new diagnostic criteria and emerging biomarkers, increased recognition of more diverse clinical phenotypes, and new insights into disease prognosis and therapeutic strategies. Consequently, the management of MOGAD patients in Latin America (LATAM) has become more complex in clinical settings. This consensus was established to assess the best practices and treatment approaches for MOGAD in LATAM, with the goal of improving long-term outcomes for these populations. It encompasses both practical guidance and theoretical definitions to ensure a comprehensive and regionally relevant framework for diagnosis and management.

Methods: A panel of expert neurologists specializing in demyelinating diseases in LATAM met virtually from 2023 to 2024 to establish consensus recommendations for the management of MOGAD. A list of 59 statements and recommendations developed by the steering group was submitted to the rating group in the form of a questionnaire. Statements were organized into 5 categories as follows: 1-Diagnosis and serological tests; 2-Imaging and other complementary tests; 3- Prognostic factors; 4- Acute and 5- Long-term treatment. The RAND/UCLA modified Delphi panel process was utilized to achieve a formal consensus.

Results: All statements reached strong or relative agreement during the first round, and additional rounds of votes were not conducted. The panel deliberated on various aspects such as diagnosis, differential diagnoses, disease prognosis, personalized treatment strategies, and identification of inadequate treatment responses, incorporating published evidence and expert opinions.

Conclusions: These recommendations outlined in this consensus seek to enhance the management and specific treatment protocols tailored for MOGAD patients in LATAM, with the aim of optimizing patient outcomes over long term.

PubMed Disclaimer

Conflict of interest statement

Declaration of competing interest ECC has received reimbursement for developing educational presentations, educational and research grants, consultation fees, and/or travel stipends from Biogen Argentina, Genzyme Argentina, Merck Argentina and LATAM, Roche, TEVA, Genzyme Corp, Biosidus, AstraZeneca, Horizon, Amgen, LACTRIMS, The Guthy-Jackson Charitable Foundation and The Sumaira Fundation. JC declares receiving grants or research contracts from Biogen and Merck; personal compensation for consulting from Merck; payment or honoraria for lectures from Biogen, Merck, Bristol Myers Squibb, Novartis, and Roche; and support for attending meetings and traveling from Merck and Roche. JC is a deputy chair International Medical and Scientific Board of Multiple sclerosis International Federation (MSIF), unpaid; and has received equipment, materials, drugs, medical writing, gifts, or other services from Novartis and Merck (Investigator initiated awards). JIR has received reimbursement for developing educational presentations, educational and research grants, consultations fees and travel stipends from Biogen, Genzyme, Merck, Roche and Novartis. R.A. has received personal compensation for consulting, serving on a scientific advisory board, speaking, and other activities from Biogen, Merck Serono, Novartis, Sanofi-Genzyme, LACTRIMS, and Roche. CCZ has received financial compensation for scientific talks from Bayer, Merck, Genzyme, Stendhal, Teva, Roche, and Tecnofarma. He has received sponsorship for participation in scientific events from Merck, Stendhal, Genzyme, and Roche. He has received financial compensation for participation in clinical trials sponsored by Roche. MLP has received reimbursement for developing educational presentations, educational and research grants, and travel stipends from Biogen Idec, Roche, Novartis and Sanofi-Aventis. LP has received reimbursement for developing educational presentations, educational and research grants, consultations fees and travel stipends from Biogen, Genzyme, Merck, Novartis. DKS has received research support from CNPq/Brazil (425,331/ 2016–4 and 308,636/2019–8), FAPERGS/MS/CNPq/SESRS (17/2551- 0001,391–3) PPSUS/Brazil, TEVA, Merck and Euroimmun AG for investigator-initiated studies; has received speaker honoraria from Biogen, Novartis, Genzyme, TEVA, Merck, Roche and Bayer and has participated in advisory boards for Shire, Roche, TEVA, and Merck. ISC has received reimbursement for developing educational presentations, educational and research grants, consultation fees and/or travel stipends from the following pharmaceuticals industries: Teva, Bayer, and Biogen. VT has received reimbursement for developing educational presentations, educational and research grants, consultation fees, and/or travel stipends from Biogen Argentina, Genzyme Argentina, Merck, Roche, Genzyme Corp, AstraZeneca, and LACTRIMS. ML has received personal compensation for serving as a consultant for Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma America, Inc, Sanofi and serving on scientific advisory or data safety monitoring boards for Alexion Pharmaceuticals, Inc, Genentech, Inc, and Horizon Therapeutics plc and UCB, Inc, and as an editor, associate editor, or editorial advisory board member for Elsevier; The institution of Dr Levy has received research support from the National Institutes of Health (R01 AI153068). FP served on the scientific advisory boards of Novartis and MedImmune; received travel funding and/or speaker honoraria from Bayer, Novartis, Biogen, Teva, Sanofi-Aventis/Genzyme, Merck Serono, Alexion, Chugai, MedImmune, and Shire; is an associate editor of Neurology: Neuroimmunology & Neuroinflammation; is an academic editor of PLoS ONE; consulted for Sanofi Genzyme, Biogen, MedImmune, Shire, and Alexion; received research support from Bayer, Novartis, Biogen, Teva, Sanofi-Aventis/Geynzme, Alexion, and Merck Serono; and received research support from the German Research Council, Werth Stiftung of the City of Cologne, German Ministry of Education and Research, Arthur Arnstein Stiftung Berlin, EU FP7 Framework Program, Arthur Arnstein Foundation Berlin, Guthy-Jackson Charitable Foundation, and NMSS. The rest of the authors have no conflict of interest to declare.

MeSH terms

LinkOut - more resources