Skip to main page content
U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Dot gov

The .gov means it’s official.
Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal government site.

Https

The site is secure.
The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely.

Access keys NCBI Homepage MyNCBI Homepage Main Content Main Navigation
. 2025 May 14:12:1554875.
doi: 10.3389/fmed.2025.1554875. eCollection 2025.

Research hotspots and trends in unexplained recurrent spontaneous abortion (URSA) from 2014 to 2024: a bibliometric analysis

Yishi Jiang  1 , Yan Zhang  1 , Yuyan Li  1 , Yan Che  1
Affiliations

Research hotspots and trends in unexplained recurrent spontaneous abortion (URSA) from 2014 to 2024: a bibliometric analysis

Yishi Jiang et al. Front Med (Lausanne). .

Abstract

Introduction: Recurrent spontaneous abortion (RSA) represents a significant challenge in obstetrics and reproductive medicine. Causative factors in 40%-50% of RSA couples remain unknown, a condition termed unexplained recurrent spontaneous abortion (URSA). This study employed bibliometric analysis to elucidate global research trends and identify key areas of interest in URSA.

Methods: We utilized the Web of Science Core Collection (WoSCC), including Science Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED) and Social Sciences Citation Index (SSCI), as our data source. Our search encompassed all publications on URSA published between 1 January 2014 and 30 October 2024. Following rigorous removal of duplicates, we retained 586 relevant publications, including 532 original articles and 54 reviews. We conducted bibliometric analysis using CiteSpace, VOSviewer and Microsoft Excel.

Results: Analysis of annual publications and their citations demonstrated significant growth over the last 10 years. China, the United States and Iran emerged as the most productive countries in the field. Author distribution indicated the absence of a cohesive core author group, suggesting a dispersed research community. The top five cited publications included one prospective observational study, one randomized controlled trial, two reviews, and one immunohistochemistry study, focusing on the etiology, interventions, and therapies of URSA. Keyword cluster analysis identified six categories, with the top three keywords being "expression," "polymorphisms," and "regulatory T-cells."

Conclusion: This bibliometric analysis reveals three key research domains over the last decade in URSA: immunological mechanism and therapies, genetic mechanism, and anticoagulation therapies. While these areas have advanced our understanding, limitations persist in etiological heterogeneity and therapeutic inconsistencies. Future studies should prioritize rigorous multicenter trials with phenotypic stratification, and multi-omics approaches for mechanistic insights. Enhanced global collaboration and interdisciplinary integration are essential to transition from empirical management to evidence-based precision medicine in URSA.

Keywords: CiteSpace; VOSviewer; bibliometric analysis; habitual abortion; spontaneous abortion; unexplained recurrent spontaneous abortion (URSA); visual analysis; women health.

PubMed Disclaimer

Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.

Figures

FIGURE 1
FIGURE 1
The number of publications and citation frequency in the field of unexplained recurrent spontaneous abortion (URSA) between 1 January 2014 and 30 October 2024.
FIGURE 2
FIGURE 2
Network map of unexplained recurrent spontaneous abortion (URSA) research co-countries/regions in the Web of Science Core Collection (WoSCC) database. There are 56 nodes, which means 56 countries/regions included, 128 nodes connections, and the network density is 0.0831.
FIGURE 3
FIGURE 3
Keywords visualization in unexplained recurrent spontaneous abortion (URSA) research field. Colors mean clusters; circles mean frequencies; lines mean associations.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

References

    1. Obstetrics Subgroup, Chinese Society of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Chinese Medical Association, Expert Consensus on the Diagnosis and Treatment of Recurrent Spontaneous Abortion. A consensus statement on the diagnosis and treatment of recurrent spontaneous abortion. Chin J Obstetr Gynecol. (2022) 57:653–67. 10.3760/cma.j.cn112141-20220421-00259 - DOI - PubMed
    1. ESHRE Guideline Group on RPL, Bender Atik R, Christiansen OB, Elson J, Kolte AM, Lewis S, et al. ESHRE guideline: Recurrent pregnancy loss: An update in 2022. Hum Reprod Open. (2023) 2023:hoad002. 10.1093/hropen/hoad002 - DOI - PMC - PubMed
    1. Toth B, Bohlmann M, Hancke K, Kuon R, Nawroth F, von Otte S, et al. Recurrent miscarriage: Diagnostic and therapeutic procedures. guideline of the Dggg, Oeggg and Sggg (S2k-Level, Awmf registry No. 015/050, May 2022). Geburtshilfe Frauenheilkd. (2023) 83:49–78. 10.1055/a-1895-9940 - DOI - PMC - PubMed
    1. Regan L, Rai R, Saravelos S, Li T. Recurrent miscarriage green-top guideline No. 17. Bjog. (2023) 130:E9–39. 10.1111/1471-0528.17515 - DOI - PubMed
    1. Ali S, Majid S, Ali M, Taing S, El-Serehy H, Al-Misned F. Evaluation of etiology and pregnancy outcome in recurrent miscarriage patients. Saudi J Biol Sci. (2020) 27:2809–17. 10.1016/j.sjbs.2020.06.049 - DOI - PMC - PubMed

Publication types

LinkOut - more resources