Conflicts of interest Dr Paller is or has been an investigator for AbbVie, Biomendics, Dermavant, Eli Lilly, Incyte, Johnson & Johnson Innovative Medicine, Regeneron Pharmaceuticals Inc, and UCB; is or has been a consultant for Abeona, Arcutis, BioCryst, Boerhinger-Ingelheim, Castle Creek, Chiesi, Dermavant, Johnson & Johnson Innovative Medicine, Krystal, LEO Pharma, Lilly, L'Oreal, MoonLake Immunotherapeutics, Peltheos, Quoin, Regeneron Pharmaceuticals Inc, and Sanofi; and is or has been a member of the data and safety monitoring boards of AbbVie, Abeona, Biocryst, Daiichi Sankyo, and Galderma. Dr Siegfried has been a speaker for Regeneron Pharmaceuticals Inc, Sanofi, and Verrica Pharmaceuticals; has received consulting fees from AbbVie, Aslan Pharmaceuticals, Boehringer Ingelheim, Cara Therapeutics, Dermavant, Incyte, LEO Pharma, Novan, Novartis, Pfizer, Pierre Fabre, Regeneron Pharmaceuticals Inc, Sanofi, UCB, and Verrica Pharmaceuticals; has undertaken contracted research for AI Therapeutics; has served on the data and safety monitoring boards of Amgen, Janssen, Lilly, Pierre Fabre, Regeneron Pharmaceuticals Inc, and Verrica Pharmaceuticals; has been a Principal Investigator for Janssen and a scientific advisory committee member for the National Eczema Association and the National Foundation for Ectodermal Dysplasias; and in 2020-2022 was in receipt of a grant as the Pfizer Pediatric Dermatology Fellow. Professor Cork is or has been an investigator and/or consultant for AbbVie, Astellas Pharma, Boots, Dermavant, Galapagos, Galderma, Hyphens Pharma, Johnson & Johnson, LEO Pharma, L’Oréal, Menlo Therapeutics, Novartis, Oxagen, Pfizer, Procter & Gamble, Reckitt Benckiser, Regeneron Pharmaceuticals Inc, and Sanofi. Dr Kabashima has received honoraria for lectures from Eli Lilly, Japan Tobacco, LEO Pharma, Maruho, Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma, Procter & Gamble, Sanofi, and Pfizer; and has been in receipt of research grants from Kyoto Kirin, Johnson & Johnson, and Procter & Gamble. Dr Arkwright is or has been an investigator for Regeneron Pharmaceuticals Inc and an advisor and in receipt of a research grant from Sanofi. Dr Gębska is or has been an investigator and/or consultant for Regeneron Pharmaceuticals Inc and Sanofi. Drs Chen and Zahn are employees and shareholders of Regeneron Pharmaceuticals Inc. Dr Rossi is an employee of Sanofi and may hold stock and/or stock options in the company.