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. 2025 May 29;24(1):613.
doi: 10.1186/s12912-025-03284-6.

Linking health-related quality of life to labor supply: a study of nurses in Western Iran

Satar Rezaei  1 , Behzad Karami Matin  2 , Khalil Moradi  3 , Shahram Akbari  2 , Amirhossein Naghibzadeh  4 , Rajabali Daroudi  5
Affiliations

Linking health-related quality of life to labor supply: a study of nurses in Western Iran

Satar Rezaei et al. BMC Nurs. .

Abstract

Background: Understanding the relationship between health-related quality of life (HRQoL) and labor supply is essential for developing effective policies to improve nurses' working conditions. Therefore, this study seeks to evaluate the HRQoL of nurses and explore how HRQoL influences their labor supply.

Methods: In this cross-sectional study, data were collected from 577 nurses working in seven public hospitals in Kermanshah city through multistage sampling. Data collection was conducted using a two-part self-administered questionnaire from September 20 to November 15, 2024. The first section aimed to gather information on nurses' labor supply and included 22 items related to sociodemographic, economic, and non-economic factors. The second section comprised the EuroQoL 5 dimensions (EQ-5D) with a five-level scoring system and the EuroQoL visual analog scale (EQ-VAS). A multiple linear regression model was employed to explore the association between HRQoL scores and nurses' labor supply among the study participants.

Results: The study found that the average weekly working hours for nurses across all medical centers were 47.9 h, while the average at the main hospital was 45.9 h. The mean health-related quality of life (HRQoL) score among the nurses was 0.76 ± 0.23, and the average EQ-VAS score was 74.4 ± 18.9. Our study across the five dimensions of the EQ-5D-5 L indicated that the percentages of nurses reporting no problems were 78.2% for mobility, 97.1% for self-care, 81.3% for usual activities, 47.5% for pain/discomfort, and 37.4% for anxiety/depression. The analysis revealed a statistically significant positive relationship between HRQoL and the labor supply of nurses, indicated by a HRQoL score coefficient of 3.692 (p = 0.046), although this significance is marginally close to the threshold. Additionally, the EQ-VAS score demonstrated a positive association, nearing significance at the 10% level, with a coefficient of 4.095 (p = 0.060). These findings suggest that a higher HRQoL is associated with an increased labor supply among nurses.

Conclusion: The study highlights the positive relationship between HRQoL and nurses' labor supply in Iran. Understanding this relationship is essential for developing effective strategies that can help mitigate nursing shortages and improve working conditions for nursing professionals.

Keywords: Health-related quality of life; Iran; Labor supply; Nurses.

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Conflict of interest statement

Declarations. Ethics approval and consent to participate: The research protocol received review and approval from the Research Ethics Committees of Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences (KUMS), under approval number IR.KUMS.REC.1403.306. The research was conducted in full adherence to the ethical principles outlined in the Declaration of Helsinki. Before data collection began, the researchers verbally explained the study’s purpose to each potential participant, and informed consent was obtained from all participants. Participants were informed that they could withdraw from the study at any time without facing any consequences. Consent for publication: Not applicable. Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests.

Figures

Fig. 1
Fig. 1
Distribution of health-related quality of life (HRQoL) scores (A), and EQ-VAS scores (B) among nurses in Kermanshah City, West of Iran, 2024
Fig. 2
Fig. 2
Percentage of respondents who reported problems (ranging from ‘no problem’ to ‘extreme/unable’) among nurses in Kermanshah City, west of Iran, 2024
Fig. 3
Fig. 3
Scatter plot analysis of health-related quality of life (HRQoL) and nurse labor supply in Kermanshah city, west of Iran, 2024. Each point on the graph represents an individual nurse, with the x-axis indicating the HRQoL score and the y-axis reflecting the corresponding labor supply. The inclusion of a fitted regression line highlights the trend in the data, demonstrating that higher HRQoL scores are positively associated with increased labor supply among nurses
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