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Review
. 2025 Dec;47(1):2502607.
doi: 10.1080/0886022X.2025.2502607. Epub 2025 May 29.

Clinical and pathological features of patients with recurrent anti-glomerular basement membrane disease

Ya-Ru Liu  1   2 , Wei Ning  1   2 , Yuan-Yuan Qi  1   2   3 , Zhan-Zheng Zhao  1   2   3
Affiliations
Review

Clinical and pathological features of patients with recurrent anti-glomerular basement membrane disease

Ya-Ru Liu et al. Ren Fail. 2025 Dec.

Abstract

Anti-glomerular basement membrane disease (anti-GBM disease) is a rare autoimmune disease, traditionally considered a monophasic autoimmune disorder, but more and more cases of recurrence have been reported. Through a review of the published literature and analysis of recurrent cases from our institution, we identified key predisposing factors including smoking (21.7%), hydrocarbon exposure (7.2%), prodromal infections (12.0%), and comorbid autoimmune conditions (12.0%). Notably, 43.5% (20/46) of recurrences occurred without identifiable triggers. There are not a few antibody-negative recurrences, challenging the reliability of serological monitoring alone for disease activity, and such recurrences may have an underlying unrecognized pathogenesis. Clinical presentations at recurrence varied: 38.6% of the patients had both lung and kidney involvement, 33.3% had lung involvement only, and 28.1% had kidney involvement only. Patients with concurrent systemic autoimmune diseases exhibited universally poor renal outcomes.

Keywords: Anti-glomerular basement membrane disease; Goodpasture syndrome; autoimmune disease; nephropathy; recurrence.

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Conflict of interest statement

No potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s)

Figures

Figure 1.
Figure 1.
Recurrent case screening.
Figure 2.
Figure 2.
Screening results of patients with anti-GBM disease in our center.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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