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Multicenter Study
. 2025 Jul;106(2):490-511.
doi: 10.1177/13872877251344631. Epub 2025 Jul 1.

BIOmarkers in NEuropsychiatric SYmptoms (BIONESY): A multicenter nation survey and a systematic review

Giulia Perini  1 , Matteo Cotta Ramusino  1 , Marco Vergani  2 , Alberto Gatti  2 , Camillo Imbimbo  2 , Silvia Leone  2 , Elena Ballante  3 , Nicola Allegri  4 , Fabrizia D'Antonio  5 , Marta Zuffi  6 , Simone Pomati  7 , Elisabetta Farina  8 , Lucio Tremolizzo  9 , Alfredo Costa  1   2 ; SINdem BPSD Study Group
Affiliations
Multicenter Study

BIOmarkers in NEuropsychiatric SYmptoms (BIONESY): A multicenter nation survey and a systematic review

Giulia Perini et al. J Alzheimers Dis. 2025 Jul.

Abstract

BackgroundBehavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia (BPSD) have poorly understood pathological/morphological correlates.ObjectiveWe aimed to (1) investigate the perception of the utility of different biomarkers in the assessment of BPSD among Italian Memory Clinics and (2) review current literature in this regard.MethodsA multicenter, national survey was launched by the BPSD Study Group of the Italian Neurological Society for Dementia (SINdem). Participants completed a semi-structured questionnaire on their perception of possible associations between the occurrence/severity of different BPSD and different biomarkers, based on their individual knowledge and clinical experience, regarding any type and severity of cognitive impairment. Then, we performed a systematic review according to PRISMA guidelines. Only papers reporting biomarkers correlates of BPSD in neurocognitive disorders were included.ResultsAmong the 53 responders, 94%, 68%, 68%, and 45% perceived neuropsychological testing, MRI, FDG-PET, and EEG, respectively, associated with the total amount of BPSD. EEG alterations were perceived selectively associated with nighttime behavior disturbances and psychosis cluster (p < 0.01). Hallucinations, apathy and delusions were perceived as more correlated with biomarkers. Years of experience using biomarkers for diagnosis were associated with a more selective use of topographical biomarkers (p < 0.01). 91% of participants consider useful increasing the use of biomarkers to predict the occurrence/severity of BPSD. The literature review identified 99 eligible studies. Brain MRI (60 articles) and FDG-PET (12 studies) alterations are the most associated with BPSD.ConclusionsIn clinical practice, topographical biomarkers related to regional consequences of the pathology are perceived as potentially informative in the BPSD's assessment.

Keywords: Alzheimer's disease; biomarkers; dementia; magnetic resonance imaging; neuropsychiatric symptoms; positron emission tomography.

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Conflict of interest statement

Declaration of conflicting interestsThe author(s) declared no potential conflicts of interest with respect to the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article.

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