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. 2025 May 30.
doi: 10.1007/s10334-025-01254-2. Online ahead of print.

Radial Hadamard-encoded 19F-MRI

Kian Tadjalli Mehr  1 , Johannes Fischer  2 , Felix Spreter  2 , Simon Reiss  2 , David Boll  3 , Ali Caglar Özen  2 , Deepa Gunashekar  2 , Constantin von Zur Mühlen  3 , Alexander Maier  3 , Michael Bock  2
Affiliations

Radial Hadamard-encoded 19F-MRI

Kian Tadjalli Mehr et al. MAGMA. .

Abstract

Objectives: Developing a 19F imaging method to acquire images of the molecular inflammation tracer perfluorooctyl bromide (PFOB) without chemical shift artifacts.

Materials and methods: PFOB is a molecular tracer that can be used to track the response of myeloid cells. However, imaging of PFOB with 19F-MRI is challenging due to its complex spectrum which leads to unwanted chemical shift artifacts. Spectral HE allows for separate reconstructions of each peak of the PFOB spectrum, which was combined into a single image after resonance shift correction. In this work, a Hadamard-encoded (HE) radial 3D UTE sequence was tested in phantoms and in vivo in a pig, measuring the 19F signal in the spleen at different times after injection.

Results: Chemical shift artifacts were effectively suppressed with HE, and an SNR > 100 was observed for the 19F signal in the spleen 2 days after injection. The signal decreased over time, and 7 days after injection it was reduced by 30%.

Discussion: Chemical shift artifact correction using HE allowed for in vivo 19F PFOB imaging of labeled monocytes with a high SNR. Compared to spectrally selective excitation, HE increased the PFOB 19F-MRI signal by 10%, and the simple HE-algorithm could be directly integrated into the image reconstruction of the MRI system.

Keywords: Fluorine-19 magnetic resonance imaging; Magnetic resonance imaging; Perfluorocarbons.

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Conflict of interest statement

Declarations. Conflict of interest: All authors declare no conflict of interest. Ethical approval: The animal experiment was conducted in accordance with FELASA and GV-SOLAS standards for animal welfare. Experiments were approved by the local ethics committee of Freiburg University and the regional council of Freiburg, Baden-Wuerttemberg, Germany (licence number 35-9185.81/G-23/012).

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