Renal denervation for resistant hypertension: A review of current literature

Abstract

Resistant hypertension is defined by persistently elevated blood pressure (BP) despite being treated with three or more antihypertensive medications including a diuretic, leading to an increased risk of cardiovascular events and mortality. It presents a substantial global health challenge, impacting about 10 % of individuals with hypertension. Renal denervation (RDN) has come up as a promising interventional strategy to address this condition by modulating the renal sympathetic nervous system. This review article explores the mechanisms underlying RDN, its historical evolution, recent procedural advancements, clinical evidence supporting its efficacy, and the existing guidelines guiding its application. Recent advances in RDN research and potential future implications are also discussed, highlighting its role in achieving improved BP control and reducing cardiovascular risks in patients with resistant hypertension.

Keywords: Refractory hypertension; Renal denervation (RDN); Renal sympathetic denervation; Resistant hypertension; Uncontrollable hypertension.