A synopsis of the Campodeidae dipluran fauna from China (Arthropoda, Hexapoda) with a taxonomic key

Abstract

This study provides a detailed examination of the taxonomy and distribution of 25 described Campodeidae diplurans species from the Chinese fauna, which frequently inhabit soil and cave environments. It involves the revision and rewriting of the diagnoses and descriptions for all taxa, based on prepared samples from Chinese scientific collections and new, unprocessed specimens observed via scanning electron microscopy for three species (Metriocampaurumqiensis, Leniwytsmaniaorientalis, and Lepidocampaweberi). In addition, the first taxonomic key for Chinese Campodeidae species is presented. This biodiversity includes four subfamilies: Campodeinae (12 species), Plusiocampinae (7 species), Lepidocampinae (5 species), and Syncampinae (1 species). Among these, 16 species are endemic to China, including five genera exclusive to the region: Pseudolibanocampa, Sinocampa, and Syncampa in soil environments, and Hubeicampa and Whittencampa in caves. The subfamily Syncampinae is only known in China. The richness of Campodeidae in China is the highest in East Asia, but relatively lower compared to the well-sampled and studied Euro-Mediterranean region, located at the opposite end of the Palearctic region. Nevertheless, East Asia should be considered as the origin of three campodeid subfamilies: Plusiocampinae, Lepidocampinae, and Syncampinae.

Keywords: Biodiversity; distribution; habitat; taxonomy; zoology.

Figure 1.

Metriocampaurumqiensis Chou & Chen, 1980 a proximal part of antennae b pronotum, lateral view c habitus d abdominal segment seventh to tenth, lateral view e medial part of a cercus.

Figure 2.

Metriocampaurumqiensis Chou & Chen, 1980 a dorsal portion of the third antennomere, with its trichobothria b distal part of apical antennomere with its cupuliform organ c latero-distal part of a medial antennomere, with some gouge sensilla d third antennomeres e medial antennomere.

Figure 3.

Metriocampaurumqiensis Chou & Chen, 1980 a head, ventral view b anterior portion of the labium with their labial palps (sétigère plaque) and palpiform processes.

Figure 4.

Metriocampaurumqiensis Chou & Chen, 1980 a lateral part of the pronotum b latero-posterior view of the pronotum c detail of rosette-like formation.

Figure 5.

Metriocampaurumqiensis Chou & Chen, 1980 a lateral view of pretarsus b frontal view of pretarsus c detail of pretarsus, medial portion of the claws d pretarsus, latero-tergal view.

Figure 6.

Metriocampaurumqiensis Chou & Chen, 1980 male specimen a latero-posterior portion of the first urosternite b distal part of the appendage of the first urosternite c medial portion of the appendage of the first urosternite.

Figure 7.

Metriocampaurumqiensis Chou & Chen,1980 a latero-posterior portion of medial urosternite b stylus of a medial urosternite c eversible vesicle of a medial urosternite.

Figure 8.

Leniwytsmaniaorientalis Silvestri, 1931 a apical antennomere with its cupuliform organ b fourth antennomere with their trichobothria c medial antennomeres d latero-distal portion of medial antennomere with a gouge sensilla.

Figure 9.

Leniwytsmaniaorientalis Silvestri, 1931 a Prothorax and Metathorax b latero-posterior portion of metathorax c first to third abdominal segments and part of one metathoracic leg d detail of pronotum.

Figure 10.

Leniwytsmaniaorientalis Silvestri, 1931 a Pretarsus, lateral view b Pretarsus, latero-ventral view.

Figure 11.

Lepidocampaweberi Oudemans, 1890 a habitus b distal portion of abdomen c distal portion metathoracic tarsus and their pretarsus d detail of abdomen setae e metathoracic pretarsus f detail of abdominal scales.