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. 2023 Dec;4(4):656-676.
doi: 10.3390/sexes4040042. Epub 2023 Dec 12.

Adaptation of the Information, Motivation, and Behavioral Skills Framework for Understanding COVID-19 Prevention Behaviors among Youth and Young Adults by Sexual Identity, Gender Identity and Race/Ethnicity

Gregory Phillips 2nd  1 , Jiayi Xu  1 , Michael G Curtis  1 , Megan M Ruprecht  1 , Shahin Davoudpour  1 , Joseph Choi  1 , Kay Quiballo  1 , Sophia Huang  1 , Kathryn Macapagal  1
Affiliations

Adaptation of the Information, Motivation, and Behavioral Skills Framework for Understanding COVID-19 Prevention Behaviors among Youth and Young Adults by Sexual Identity, Gender Identity and Race/Ethnicity

Gregory Phillips 2nd et al. Sexes. 2023 Dec.

Abstract

Youth and young adults (YYA) have been uniquely affected by COVID-19. Behavioral models have not yet been applied to understand YYA's preventive behavior, though the Information-Motivation-Behavior (IMB) model may be appropriate. We used data from a national, diverse survey of COVID-19 effects and prevention behaviors in YYA ages 14-24 (n = 1026) and conducted an exploratory factor analysis and bivariate linear regressions to assess the association between demographics and IMB measures. Significant differences by sexual identity were identified, with bisexual/pansexual, gay/lesbian, and queer populations reporting significantly lower prevention stigma, in comparison to their straight respondents. Non-binary respondents (vs. women/girls) and transgender and gender diverse individuals (vs. cisgender) had significantly higher intentions to social distance. Racial/ethnicity differences were also found in lower prevention efficacy beliefs (Latinx and multiracial vs. white), and lower motivation norms (Black and Latinx vs. white). Our findings about critical disparities in IMB measures provide recommendations for future prevention research, practice, and policy development in response to the pandemic, particularly related to highly marginalized communities.

Keywords: COVID-19; COVID-19 prevention; IMB model; Information–Motivation–Behavioral Skills (IMB) model; adolescents; prevention behaviors; prevention intervention; youth.

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Conflict of interest statement

Conflicts of Interest: The authors declare no conflict of interest. The funders had no role in the design of the study; in the collection, analyses, or interpretation of data; in the writing of the manuscript; or in the decision to publish the results.

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