Skip to main page content
U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Dot gov

The .gov means it’s official.
Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal government site.

Https

The site is secure.
The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely.

Access keys NCBI Homepage MyNCBI Homepage Main Content Main Navigation
. 2025 May 19:16:1558692.
doi: 10.3389/fendo.2025.1558692. eCollection 2025.

Triglyceride-glucose index and periodontitis: evidence from two population-based surveys

Jing Huang  1 , Dan Zhang  1 , Hua Li  1 , Yiyun Zhang  1 , Tianxue Long  1 , Xiaojing Guo  1 , Hangyu Cui  1 , Zixuan Wei  2 , Jun Zhao  3 , Mingzi Li  1 , Pangbo Wang  4   5
Affiliations

Triglyceride-glucose index and periodontitis: evidence from two population-based surveys

Jing Huang et al. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne). .

Abstract

Background: The relationship between the Triglyceride-Glucose (TyG) index and periodontitis remains unclear. This study aims to elucidate this relationship using data from two large population-based surveys.

Methods: Datasets from NHANES (2009-2014) and KNHANES (2007-2018, except for 2011) were utilized. We applied multivariate logistic regression, stratified analysis, restricted cubic splines (RCS), and subgroup analyses to examine the correlation between the TyG index and periodontitis risk. The predictive value of the TyG index was assessed using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves. Mediation analyses investigated variables mediating this relationship.

Results: The NHANES and KNHANES cohorts included 2,511 and 16,239 participants with periodontitis, respectively. After adjusting for covariates, the TyG index was significantly associated with periodontitis risk (NHANES: OR 1.19, 95%CI: 1.07-1.34; Q2 vs. Q1, OR 1.20, 95% CI: 1.02-1.42; Q4 vs. Q1, OR 1.23, 95%CI: 1.02-1.49. KNHANES: OR 1.09, 95% CI: 1.05-1.13; Q4 vs. Q1, OR 1.09, 95%CI: 1.02-1.17, P for trend = 0.025). RCS analyses revealed a nonlinear relationship. ROC curves indicated that the predictive values of the TyG index were 8.24 (NHANES) and 8.69 (KNHANES). Mediation analysis showed that inflammatory (alkaline phosphatase and white blood cell) and metabolic factors (vitamin D and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol) partially mediated this association.

Conclusions: The observational analysis reveals a significant association between the TyG index and the risk of periodontitis. Further studies are needed to clarify the underlying mechanisms.

Keywords: KNHANES; NHANES; insulin resistance; periodontitis; triglyceride-glucose index.

PubMed Disclaimer

Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Flowchart of participants selection. (A). NHANES cohort (2009-2014); (B). KNHANES cohort (2007-2018, except for 2011). NHANES, National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey; KNHANES, Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey; TyG, triglyceride-glucose; LDL-C, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; HDL-C, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; MICE, multiple imputation by chained equations.
Figure 2
Figure 2
The restricted cubic spline (RCS) analysis between the TyG index and periodontitis in two cohorts. (A) TyG index in NHANES; (B) TyG index in KNHANES. NHANES, National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey; KNHANES, Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey; TyG, triglyceride-glucose; OR, odds ratios.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Subgroup analyses for the association between the TyG index and the risk of periodontitis in two cohorts. (A) TyG index in NHANES; (B) TyG index in KNHANES. NHANES, National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey; KNHANES, Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey; BMI, body mass index; OR, odds ratios.
Figure 4
Figure 4
The receiver operating characteristic(ROC) curve of the TyG index for diagnosing periodontitis in two cohorts. The red line represents the NHANES cohort, while the black line represents the KNHANES cohort.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

Similar articles

See all similar articles

References

    1. Papapanou PN, Sanz M, Buduneli N, Dietrich T, Feres M, Fine DH, et al. . Periodontitis: Consensus report of workgroup 2 of the 2017 World Workshop on the Classification of Periodontal and Peri-Implant Diseases and Conditions. J Clin Periodontol. (2018) 45 Suppl 20:S162–s170. doi: 10.1111/jcpe.12946 - DOI - PubMed
    1. Trindade D, Carvalho R, MaChado V, Chambrone L, Mendes JJ, Botelho J. Prevalence of periodontitis in dentate people between 2011 and 2020: A systematic review and meta-analysis of epidemiological studies. J Clin Periodontol. (2023) 50:604–26. doi: 10.1111/jcpe.13769 - DOI - PubMed
    1. Sanz M, Marco Del Castillo A, Jepsen S, Gonzalez-Juanatey JR, D'Aiuto F, Bouchard P, et al. . Periodontitis and cardiovascular diseases: Consensus report. J Clin Periodontol. (2020) 47:268–88. doi: 10.1111/jcpe.13189 - DOI - PMC - PubMed
    1. Kwon T, Lamster IB, Levin L. Current concepts in the management of periodontitis. Int Dent J. (2021) 71:462–76. doi: 10.1111/idj.12630 - DOI - PMC - PubMed
    1. Santoso CMA, Bramantoro T, Kardos L, Szakács DF, Nagy A. Metabolic syndrome and periodontitis among adults: The 2018 Indonesia National Health Survey. J Clin Periodontol. (2022) 49:562–72. doi: 10.1111/jcpe.13622 - DOI - PMC - PubMed

LinkOut - more resources